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學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ) > 英語(yǔ)單詞 > 英語(yǔ)單詞since的用法總結(jié)

英語(yǔ)單詞since的用法總結(jié)

時(shí)間: 燕妮639 分享

英語(yǔ)單詞since的用法總結(jié)

  下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理的一些關(guān)于since的用法總結(jié),以供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考。

  英語(yǔ)單詞since的用法總結(jié):

  1) since +從句

  Great changes have taken place since you left.

  Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.

  2) since +一段時(shí)間+ ago

  I have been here since five months ago.

  3) since +過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn) (如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six)。

  I have been here since 1989.

  4) It is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句

  It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.

  since的用法主要有兩點(diǎn):一是表示“自從……以來(lái)”,二是表示“既然”之意。但如果只了解詞的含義,而不了解其用法,在使用時(shí)就會(huì)造成錯(cuò)誤。例如:I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.

  不少人會(huì)望文生義,將該句譯為:“自從我住在上海以來(lái),就再也沒(méi)有收到他的信了。”而實(shí)際上這個(gè)句子的譯文并非如此,那么正確的含義是什么呢?

  下面談?wù)剆ince作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。

  一、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是終止性的過(guò)去時(shí),則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從動(dòng)作開(kāi)始的那一時(shí)刻起”。如:

  He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來(lái)到我們學(xué)校,他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。

  We have been missing them since they left here自從他們離開(kāi)這里,我們就一直很想念他們。

  這是最常見(jiàn)的一種用法,此處不再多述。

  二、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí),則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從那持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起”。如:

  I haven’t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,sleep的動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí),即“醒來(lái)”時(shí),這句應(yīng)譯為“我醒后還未聽(tīng)到任何聲音”。

  John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher約翰現(xiàn)在和父母一起住在紐約,他不當(dāng)教師已經(jīng)三年了。

  本文開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)的那個(gè)句子就可以譯為“自從我離開(kāi)上海,就再也沒(méi)有收到他的信。”這種譯法常被人們誤用,我們不妨再多舉幾個(gè)例子看看:

  How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你離開(kāi)(沒(méi)住在)上海多久了?

  It is half a month since he was a League member.他退團(tuán)(不當(dāng)團(tuán)員)半個(gè)月了。

  It’s been quite some time since I was last in London我離開(kāi)倫敦已很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。

  比較:He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病愈以來(lái),他屢次給我寫信。(從句謂語(yǔ)為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞)

  He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來(lái),他就屢次給我寫信。(從句謂語(yǔ)為終止性動(dòng)詞)

  三、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),則表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(說(shuō)話時(shí)刻),其表示的時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí)算起。如:

  I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there。

  這里has lived表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性,時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從:“開(kāi)始居住”時(shí)算起。因此此句可理解為“自從他(開(kāi)始)住在那兒起,我就一直沒(méi)收到他的來(lái)信”。

  Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自從我們自己有了汽車,我們每年都去野營(yíng)。

  試比較:1. Since I’ve been at this school, we have had three headmasters.自從我到這所學(xué)校,我們已換了三個(gè)校長(zhǎng)了。

  Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.自從我離開(kāi)這所學(xué)校,他們已換了三個(gè)校長(zhǎng)了。

  2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 自從我生病以來(lái),他從未來(lái)看過(guò)我。

  He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自從我病愈以來(lái),他從未來(lái)看過(guò)我。

  由此可見(jiàn),since引導(dǎo)的從句持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的意思恰好相反。換言之,前者以肯定的語(yǔ)法形式反映著否定的邏輯內(nèi)容,而后者的形式與內(nèi)容是一致的。

  至于It is +一段時(shí)間+since…的句型與It has been +一段時(shí)間+since…意思相同。前者是規(guī)范說(shuō)法,后者是口語(yǔ)說(shuō)法。

  應(yīng)注意的是,在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,since引導(dǎo)的從句絕對(duì)不能用否定式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示否定意義,下面兩句都錯(cuò)了:

  It is a long time since he didn’t study English.

  It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.

  正確的說(shuō)法為:

  It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久沒(méi)學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。

  You haven’t come to see me for two months. 你有兩個(gè)月沒(méi)來(lái)看我了。

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