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定語(yǔ)從句中which的用法

時(shí)間: 燕妮639 分享

  下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為同學(xué)們整理了定語(yǔ)從句中which的用法 ,希望大家學(xué)以致用!

  定語(yǔ)從句既然是從句,就是一個(gè)句子,一定要有句子主干,也就是說(shuō),一定要有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。有的選項(xiàng)定語(yǔ)從句中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)作由非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示,就是錯(cuò)的。

  定語(yǔ)從句既然是從句,就是從屬于主句的,一定要由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),把自身的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立性取消,保證主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞地位不動(dòng)搖。有的選項(xiàng)定語(yǔ)從句沒(méi)有關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞,直接上謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,也是錯(cuò)的。

  which是定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞之一。which有且僅有兩種用法。

  一,which前面有逗號(hào),逗號(hào)前面是個(gè)名詞,which就近指代那個(gè)名詞。

  (1) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which did not cheer Pea up.

  which就近指代photos,定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞did not cheer (Pea up)的發(fā)出者即從句主語(yǔ)即先行詞photos,是photos沒(méi)讓豌豆家屬高興起來(lái)。

  (2) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which Pea did not find interesting.

  which就近指代photos,photos是定語(yǔ)從句中的賓語(yǔ),把定語(yǔ)從句還原成一個(gè)完整句就是Pea did not find the photos interesting.

  可以看到,上面兩個(gè)句子都可以以that為關(guān)系代詞改寫,即

  (1)’ Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that did not cheer Pea up.

  (2)’ Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that Pea did not find interesting.

  改寫與原版區(qū)別在哪兒?就在一個(gè)逗號(hào)。which前面是名詞,名詞和which之間沒(méi)逗號(hào)的,在GMAT語(yǔ)法里算錯(cuò)。

  二,which前面是介詞,介詞前面是名詞,which就近指代介詞前的那個(gè)名詞,名詞和介詞之間有無(wú)逗號(hào)均可。

  Tankfield once lent Pea a book from which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes.

  這個(gè)句子可以“拆”成如下兩句:(每個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句都可以拆成兩句,以先行詞為拆分點(diǎn))

  Tankfield once lent Pea a book. Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from the book.

  先行詞實(shí)際上是定語(yǔ)從句中介詞的賓語(yǔ),這時(shí),需要把介詞提前,避免如下表達(dá):

  Tankfield once lent Pea a book, which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)

  Tankfield once lent Pea a book that Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)

  上中學(xué)的時(shí)候?qū)W過(guò),which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句叫“非限制性定語(yǔ)從句”,是不是?它怎么就“非限制性”了?回顧上述GMAT語(yǔ)法規(guī)定which有且僅有的兩種用法,which指的都是就近的名詞,從句其實(shí)還是限制性的。

  所謂非限制性呢,是說(shuō)which指逗號(hào)之前一套主謂所描述的情況,以逗號(hào)前的一個(gè)完整句為先行詞。比如:

  Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, which was rather sad.

  Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, which Pea did not refuse to acknowledge to herself any more.

  注意,這樣的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在GMAT語(yǔ)法中是不成立的,關(guān)于which,GMAT語(yǔ)法考試只認(rèn)可上述兩種限制性用法。那么,在GMAT語(yǔ)法考試規(guī)則范圍內(nèi),用什么方法能夠表達(dá)出原來(lái)學(xué)過(guò)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的意思來(lái)呢?

  分成兩句或做出同位語(yǔ)來(lái)都是可以的,當(dāng)然,需要先找出一個(gè)名詞把原來(lái)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞(即那個(gè)完整的句子)概括出來(lái)。

  一、分成兩句

  Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea. The fact was rather sad.

  Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea. Pea did not refuse to acknowledge the fact to herself any more.

  二、做同位語(yǔ)

  Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, the fact, rather sad, being what Pea did not refuse to acknowledge to herself any more.

  是不是聽過(guò)傳說(shuō),帶being的一概不選?Being為什么這么遭人鄙視?上面的例句還是成立的嗎?

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