英語中副詞的基本用法有哪些

　　英語中副詞的基本用法：程度副詞(The Adverb of Degree)

　　程度副詞大多用來修飾形容詞和副詞，就其反映的事情在程度上加以描繪，通常也可回答how引導(dǎo)的問句。常見的程度副詞有：very, much, quite, little, so, too, enough, half, rather, fairly, pretty, entirely, totally, greatly, deeply, hardly, wholly, slightly, scarcely, almost等。

　　注：在上面幾類副詞中，有些副詞有兩種詞形：一種與相應(yīng)的形容詞同形，另一種由相應(yīng)的形容詞(或副詞)加后綴構(gòu)成。這兩種詞形的副詞，有些在含義上基本相近，另一些在含義上則截然不同。

　　1)在含義上相近的副詞：high highly, low lowly, firm firmly, deep deeply, near nearly, short shortly, fair fairly, direct directly, quick quickly, loud loudly, slow slowly, straight straightly等。

　　一般來說，與形容詞同形的副詞表示比較具體的概念，而加后綴ly構(gòu)成的副詞則含有抽象或引申的意義。試比較下列的句子：

　　The boy climbed very high. 那男孩爬得很高。

　　The government thinks highly of you invention. 政府對你的發(fā)明評價很高。

　　You've shot too low. Try a second time. 你射得太低，再試一下。

　　Why on earth are we lowly paid? 究竟為何給我們低報酬?

　　She came near to me. 她向我靠近。

　　The job is nearly finished. 這工作快干完了。

　　The train goes direct to Shanghai. 這趟列車直開上海。

　　Answer me directly. 直接回答我的問題。

　　They worked deep into the night. 他們工作到深夜。

　　We were deeply moved by his heroic deeds. 我們被他的英勇事跡深深打動了。

　　2)在含義上不同的副詞：hard hardly, just justly, late lately, most mostly, pretty prettily等。試比較下列句子：

　　They pretended to work hard. 他們佯裝賣力地干活。

　　I can hardly understand what they are talking about.

　　我?guī)缀醪欢麄冊谡務(wù)撔┦裁础?/p>

　　He's just arrived. 他剛到。

　　The money will be given to those who need it most. 這錢將給那些最需要的人。

　　He was justly punished. 他受到了應(yīng)有的懲罰。

　　The people who live in Antarctica are mostly visiting scientists.

　　在南極生活的人大多數(shù)是在進(jìn)行考察的科學(xué)家。

　　He seldom comes late. 他難得遲到。

　　I haven't heard from my parents lately. 最近我沒有收到父母的來信。

　　英語中副詞的基本用法：頻度副詞(The Adverb of Frequency)

　　頻度副詞表示行為動作發(fā)生的頻度，?？苫卮餳ow often 引導(dǎo)的問句。常見的頻度副詞有：often, always, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, rarely, frequently, occasionally, once a week, twice a day, every other month等。

　　英語中副詞的基本用法：疑問副詞(The Interrogative Adverb)

　　疑問副詞用來引導(dǎo)一個特殊疑問句，表示時間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因等。疑問副詞有：when, where, how和why.

　　When are the men coming from London? 從倫敦來的人什么時候到?

　　Where have you been all these years? 這些年你到哪兒去啦?

　　How are you getting along with you English? 你的英語學(xué)習(xí)怎么樣?

　　注：疑問副詞how也可以與一些形容詞、副詞合在一起引導(dǎo)一個特殊疑問句。如：

　　How often do you go to see your uncle? 你多久去看望一次你叔叔?

　　How long will he live in Nanjing? 他將在南京住多久?

　　How soon will your father come back home? 你父親還要多久才會到家?

　　How old is the little girl? 這小女孩多大了?

　　英語中副詞的基本用法：連接副詞(The Conjunctive Adverb)

　　連接副詞用來引導(dǎo)一個主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句或狀語從句，表示從句中行為動作發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因等。

　　常見的連接副詞有：when, where, whenever, wherever, how和why等。

　　Why he insisted on going there alone wasn't quite clear. (引導(dǎo)主語從句)

　　他為什么要堅(jiān)持孤身一人到那里去不太明白。

　　Can you tell us when and where he received the Master's Degree? (引導(dǎo)賓主從句)

　　你可以告訴我們他是在何時何地獲得碩士學(xué)位的嗎?

　　This is how she did it. (引導(dǎo)表語從句) 這就是她怎樣做這事的。

　　Come to us whenever you are in trouble. (引導(dǎo)狀語從句)

　　無論你什么時候遇到麻煩，盡可來找我們。

　　英語中副詞的基本用法：關(guān)系副詞(The Relative Adverb)

　　關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，對所修飾的先行詞在時間、地點(diǎn)和原因上加以限制和說明。

　　關(guān)系副詞有：when, where和why.

　　Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I come to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?

　　你還記得十年前的一個下午我到你家借鉆石項(xiàng)鏈的事嗎?

　　The factory where my father works is in the west of the city.

　　我父親工作的那家工廠座落在城西。

　　Nobody knew the reason why he was absent from the party.

　　沒有人知道他為什么沒來參加聚會。

　　除了上述八類副詞，還能見到如surely, certainly, probably等確定性副詞和therefore等結(jié)果副詞。

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