非謂語動(dòng)詞用法分析
非謂語動(dòng)詞用法分析
以下是小編為大家整理的非謂語動(dòng)詞用法總結(jié)，希望能幫助大家更好地認(rèn)識(shí)非謂語動(dòng)詞，提高英語水平。
非謂語動(dòng)詞的一般式和完成式
非謂語動(dòng)詞的一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生，非謂語動(dòng)詞的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。
1.動(dòng)詞不定式
例1：A lot of young people are learning to drive cars. (同時(shí)發(fā)生)
例2：All of us expected to discover a new oil field. (非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在后)
例3：He is said to have studied English for three years. (非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在前)
注：動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式有時(shí)用在intended, expected, meant, were to, was to等過去式的動(dòng)詞后面，表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為。例如：
1)I meant to have sent the book to you by mail. (我本想把這本書郵寄給你的。)
2)He was to have been the new ambassador, but he fell ill. (他原是要任新大使的，但是他病了。)
2.分詞
例1：Singing a song, he came into the room. (非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生)
例2：Having written his composition, he went to have a heart to heart talk with Wang. (非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在前)
3.動(dòng)名詞
例1：I am thinking of getting a new dictionary. (非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在后)
例2：We enjoy watching colour TV. (與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí))
例3：He forgot having promised to write things for us. (非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在前。)
非謂語動(dòng)詞的比較
1.動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式在用法上的比較
(1)一般說來動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作在意義上是比較抽象的、一般的，時(shí)間概念不強(qiáng)，不是指某一次的動(dòng)作;而動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作則往往是具體的一次行為。例如：
1)I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim today.
2) They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.
3) Would you prefer to stay at home this evening?
(2)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語，常常是句子的主語或句中的某個(gè)詞;而動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語可能是句子主語或句中某個(gè)詞，也可能是泛指一般人物，在句子里是找不著的。例如：
1)I hate to be sitting idle. (我不想閑坐著。)(指自己)
2)I hate saying nothing at a meeting but gossiping afterwards. (我不喜歡開會(huì)不說會(huì)后亂說。)(可能指自己，也可能泛指一般人)
(3)有些詞后既可接動(dòng)名詞亦可接動(dòng)詞不定式，但意義不同，如stop, remember, forget, neglect, omit, dislike, detests, begin, continue, start, regret, intend, attempt, propose等。例如：
When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking. (talking 是賓語，指停止講話這個(gè)動(dòng)作)
When the teacher came in, the students stopped to talk. (to talk是目的狀語，指停下前一動(dòng)作來進(jìn)行talk)
Remember, forget doing something (指已做過的事)
Remember, forget to do something (指未做過的事)
2.動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞在用法上的區(qū)別
(1)作定語的區(qū)別。分詞往往表示它所修飾的詞所做的動(dòng)作，即邏輯主語是它所修飾的詞;動(dòng)名詞往往表示與它所修飾的詞有關(guān)的動(dòng)作，即所修飾的詞不能充當(dāng)邏輯主語。例如：
sleeping car (= a car for sleeping) (動(dòng)名詞)
working method (= method of working)(動(dòng)名詞)
the raging storm (= the storm that is raging) (狂暴的風(fēng)雨)(分詞)
scorching heat (= heat that is scorching) (炙人的熱氣)(分詞)
(2)作表語的區(qū)別。分詞作表語時(shí)保持它的形容詞特征，動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)保持它的名詞特征。動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)常可與主語互換位置，分詞則不行。例如：
The novel is interesting. ( 現(xiàn)在分詞)
My job is teaching English. (動(dòng)名詞)
(3)作狀語的區(qū)別。分詞具有副詞特征，可以直接用作狀語;動(dòng)名詞不具有副詞特征，不能單獨(dú)作狀語，只有與介詞結(jié)合時(shí)才能作狀語。例如：
1) Hearing the news, they immediately set off for the station. (分詞作狀語)
2) Given another chance, I’ll do it much better. (分詞作狀語)
3) After finishing his homework, he went to the reading-room. (動(dòng)名詞與介詞一起作狀語)
4) On coming in she laid a file of documents upon the table. (動(dòng)名詞與介詞一起作狀語)
3.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語的區(qū)別
動(dòng)詞不定式只說明賓語的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，而分詞則說明賓語的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如：
1)Just then he heard someone sing in the next room. (在那時(shí)，他聽見有人在隔壁房間里唱歌。)
2)Just then he heard someone singing in the next room. (在那時(shí)，他聽見有人正在隔壁房間里唱歌。
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