介詞by表達(dá)的多種意思
以下是小編為大家整理的介詞by的用法總結(jié),希望能幫助大家更好地認(rèn)識(shí)by這個(gè)單詞,提高英語水平。
by是個(gè)常用介詞,由它組成的短語所表示的意思繁多而復(fù)雜。
1. 在被動(dòng)語態(tài)里表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或施動(dòng)者,意思為/"由......;被....../"。
例如:This prizewinning essay was written by an unknown author.
這篇獲獎(jiǎng)文章是由一位名不見經(jīng)傳的作家寫的。
The village is surrounded by a lot of tall trees.
這個(gè)村莊被許多大樹所環(huán)繞。
2. 表示空間位置,意思為/"在......旁邊;靠近....../",相當(dāng)于near, beside, next to。例如: There is a desk by the window.
窗子旁有一張辦公桌。
The woman is washing the clothes by the well.
那位婦女在井旁邊洗衣服。
3. 表示期限,意思為/"到......為止;不遲于......;在......之前/"。
例如:The plane will surely arrive by ten o/'clock.
飛機(jī)十點(diǎn)鐘一定會(huì)到達(dá)。
We hope we can complete our task by twelve.
我們希望到十二點(diǎn)鐘能夠完成任務(wù)。
By the end of last month, he had collected over 500 stamps.
到上月末為止,他已收集了五百多張郵票。
4. 表示通訊方式,意為/"用....../",by 后面的名詞不帶冠詞,也不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:She told me the good news by phone.
她打電話把這個(gè)好消息告訴我。
That university informed me of my acceptance by letter.
那所大學(xué)用書信通知我,我被錄取了。
5. 表示交通方式,意思為/"乘......;坐....../",后接單數(shù)名詞,不帶冠詞。
例如:They have decided to go to Macau by plane.
他們已決定乘飛機(jī)去澳門。
Have you ever been to Guangzhou by ship?
你乘船去過廣州嗎?
6. 表示方式、手段,意思是/"借助;憑....../", 后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
例如:He passed the college entrance examination by hard work.
他憑著勤奮通過了高考。
The woman makes a living by selling newspapers.
那個(gè)婦女靠賣報(bào)謀生。
7. 表示程度和比率,通常指時(shí)間、空間和數(shù)量等的相差。
例如:He is older than his wife by three years.
他比他妻子大三歲。
We were late for the train by ten minutes.
我們晚了十分鐘,沒趕上火車。
The car factory hopes to increase its output by 50% next year.
這家汽車制造廠希望明年將汽車產(chǎn)量提高百分之五十。
With modern technology, production cost has dropped by one half.
由于采用了現(xiàn)代技術(shù),勞動(dòng)成本下降了一半。
8. 表示計(jì)酬或銷售方式等,意思為/"按 ......計(jì)算;以......為單位/"。
例如:Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.
大城市的清潔女工通常按小時(shí)付給報(bào)酬。
Translation is paid by the word.
譯稿是以字?jǐn)?shù)計(jì)酬的。
They sell the cloth by the yard.
他們按碼售布。
The eggs are sold by the dozen.
這些雞蛋按打出售。
9. 表示面積或體積的計(jì)算方式,意思為"用......去乘"。
例如: The room measures fifteen feet by twenty feet.
這房間十五英尺寬二十英尺長(zhǎng)。
10. 表示/"根據(jù)......;按照....../"。
例如:You shouldn/'t judge a person by (his) appearance.
你不該以貌取人。
We must play the game by rule.
我們必須按照規(guī)則進(jìn)行比賽。
11. 表示"就......而言;關(guān)于......"。
例如:He is a good writer, although he is not a writer by profession.
他是個(gè)好作家,但不是職業(yè)作家。
12. by hand表示/"用手的;手工制的;專人送的/"。
例如:These baskets are made by hand.
這些籃子是手工做的。
This letter was delivered by hand.
這封信是由專人送來的。
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