賓語補足語用法歸納精講
賓語補足語用法歸納精講
賓語補足語是英語教學(xué)中的難點，也是高考的熱點，更是書面表達中必須具備的一種句型結(jié)構(gòu)。下面小編就賓語補足語用法進行如下歸納，希望能幫助大家更好地認識賓語補足語的用法，提高英語水平。
Ⅰ.使役動詞后賓語補足語的用法歸納
中學(xué)教學(xué)中最常見的使役動詞有：make， have， leave。他們都表示“使得”，后面都可接賓語+賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)，但用法上有所不同。
一､make用作使役動詞表示“使;使成為”時，可跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即“make+賓語+賓語補足語”，其中的賓語補足語可以是形容詞或名詞､不帶to的不定式､過去分詞。
1. 我們推選他為我們足球隊隊長。
We made him captain of our football team.
2. 我們隊贏了的消息使我們大家非常高興。
The news that our team had won made us very happy.
3. 大雨使得我們無法出去。
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.
4. 奇怪的聲音使我們感到恐懼。
The strange noise made us frightened.
5. 在交通嘈雜聲中他無法使自己的聲音提高到讓別人聽到。
He couldn’t make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.
6. 什么東西使得草生長?
What makes the grass grow?
注意：過去分詞作make的賓語補足語時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)不用加to; 但當(dāng)不定式作其賓補時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)一定要加to。
這個男孩被迫每天干十二個小時的活。
The boy was made to work twelve hours a day.
選擇題：
1. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
2. The result of the entrance exams was not made ____ to the public until last Thursday.
A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known
答案：1.B2.B
二､have 表示“使得……”，其后接賓語補足語， 常用以下句型：
have sb. do sth.使得某人做某事
have sb. doing sth.使得某人一直做某事
have sth. done使得某事被做
填空：
1. The teacher had her ____(recite) the text again.
2. He wants to have his eyes ____(examine) tomorrow.
3. Be careful， or you’ll have your hands ____(hurt).
4. He had the girl ____(stand) in the classroom the whole morning.
5. He had the walls ____(paint) this morning.
答案：1.recite 2.examined 3.hurt 4.standing 5.painted
只能用doing的情況
1. 表示正在發(fā)生
Be quick. They have the car waiting for you at the school gate.
2. 否定句中表示(不能)容忍某人做……
I won’t have him cheating in the exam.
3. 表示某一時間內(nèi)一直延續(xù)不斷的動作
He had us laughing all through the meals.
選擇､填空題：
1. I’ve had my radio ____ so soon because my father had me ____ it. A. repair; done B. repaired; do C. repairing; do D. repaired; done
2. You can’t have the horse ____ all the way. It’s too hot.
A. run B. to run C. running D. to be running
3. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
4. We will have you ____(know) that the machine has been made ____(work) at full speed.
答案：1.B 2.C 3.C 4.know， to work
三､leave作使役動詞，表示“使/讓……保持某種狀態(tài)”。
1. 用形容詞作賓語補足語
出去時，不要關(guān)門。Leave the door open when you go out.
他的疾病使得他身體很虛弱。His illness left him very weak.
2. 還可用名詞､介詞短語等作賓語補足語
他父母去年雙雙去世，留下他成為一個孤兒。
His parents both died last year， leaving him an orphan.
3. 用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語
他們走開了，讓我一個人坐在那兒。
They walked off and left me sitting there alone.
他出去時，把他的文件攤在桌子上。
He went out， leaving his papers lying open on the desk.
4. 用過去分詞作賓語補足語
Did you leave the doors and windows properly fastened?
He left a few questions unanswered.
?、?感官動詞后賓語補足語的用法
表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如hear， feel， find， listen to， look at， watch， notice， observe， smell， see等詞后可以用省去to的動詞不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞及過去分詞作賓語補足語。常見的句型有：(以hear為例)
hear sb. do sth.
heahear sth. done
填空､選擇題：
1. I’ve never heard the song ____(sing).
2. Do you smell something ____(burn)?
3. Tom saw his parents ____(get) into the car and ____(drive) off.
4. He was seen ____(drive) the car at high speed on the highway yesterday.
5. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
6. ——Did you hear her ____ this pop song this time the other day?
——Yes， and I heard this song ____ in English.
A. sing; singing B. sung; sung C. sung; singing D. singing; sung
7. I saw her ____ when I came into the classroom.
A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cries
答案：1.sung 2.burning 3.get; drive 4.to drive 5.C 6.D 7.C
?、?with+賓語+賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)
1. with+賓語+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語
1) 他過去常常開著窗子睡覺。
He used to sleep with the window open.
2) 他們離開了房間，燈還亮著。
They fled the room with lights still on.
3) 他雙手放在口袋里走了進來。
He stepped in， with his hands in his pockets.
4) 脖子上沒帶項鏈的那位女士是瑪麗的朋友。
The woman， without a necklace around her neck， was a friend of Mary’s.
2. with+賓語+doing/done/to do
1) The day was bright with a fresh breeze blowing.
(-ing表示主動/正在進行)
2) With the matter settled， we went home. (-ed表示被動/狀態(tài))
3) They are highly mechanized farms， with machines to do all the work.
4) With Tom to help me， I can finish the work in time.
(to do表示即將發(fā)生)
選擇､填空題：
1. ____ production up by 60%， the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
2. ____ everything ____， she left the supermarket with satisfaction.
A. As; buying B. For; to buy
C. With; bought D. Because; to buy
比較：____ everything was bought， she left the supermarket.
3. ____ years ____， her hair grows white.
A. As; passing by B. With; go by
C. As; pass D. With; passed
4. His mother ____(be) ill， he had to stay at home， looking after her.
5. He stood there， with his eyes ____(fix) on Della.
6. He stood there， ____(fix) his eyes on Della.
7. He stood there and his eyes ____(fix) on Della.
答案：1.C 2.C 比較As 3.C 4.being 5.fixed 6.fixing 7.were fixed
r sb. doing sth.
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