介詞的用法講解
以下是小編為大家整理的介詞的用法總結(jié)講解，希望能幫助大家更好地認(rèn)識(shí)介詞的用法，提高英語(yǔ)水平。
1.介詞的分類
(1)簡(jiǎn)單介詞如：at,by,for,from,in,of,on…
(2)復(fù)合介詞如：into,onto,within,out of…
(3)雙重介詞 如：from under,since before,until after…
(4)短語(yǔ)介詞如：in front of,because of,ahead of,according to…
另外，有的介詞可以兼作副詞(如:around,over等)，有的介詞可以兼作連接詞(如：after,before等)。
2.介詞短語(yǔ)在句中的作用
(1)作定語(yǔ)
例如：The man in black is Mr Zhang.穿黑衣服的人是張先生。
He is a man of wealth.他是個(gè)有錢人。
China is a country with a long history.中國(guó)是歷史悠久的國(guó)家。
(2)作表語(yǔ)
例如：He was already in his forties.他已經(jīng)四十多歲了。
You must remain in bed.你必須得臥床休息。
He was against slavery.他反對(duì)奴隸制。
(3)作狀語(yǔ)
例如：At seventeen,he began to learn acting.
十七歲時(shí)，他開始學(xué)習(xí)表演。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
We put the play on in a theatre.
我們?cè)趧≡荷涎葸@出戲。(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
We jumped with joy.
我們高興得跳了起來(lái)。(原因狀語(yǔ))
He returned home for his dictionary.
他回家去取字典。(目的狀語(yǔ))
We went there by bike.
我們騎自行車去那兒的。(方式狀語(yǔ))
In spite of the heavy rain,they arrived.
盡管雨下得大，他們還是到了。(讓步狀語(yǔ))、
(4)作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
例如：I found everthing in good condition.我發(fā)現(xiàn)一切狀況良好。
Eevn his way of walking down the street and turning a corner could be recognaized as his own.
甚至他在街上走路時(shí)和在拐角處轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)的那種姿態(tài)，都可以認(rèn)為是他獨(dú)有的動(dòng)作。
The heavy rain kept us inside the house.(大雨使得我們待在了家里。)
3.關(guān)于介詞值得注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題
(1)同一個(gè)介詞的不同用法和意義，用at為例。
(A)表示地點(diǎn)，在……They are waiting for me at the gate.
(B)表示時(shí)間，在……時(shí)(刻) We usually get up at half past five every morning.
(C)表示狀態(tài)，(正)在……中The Browns are at table.
(D)表示速度、價(jià)格，按……The truck ran at 40 miles an hour.
(E)表示動(dòng)作對(duì)象、目標(biāo)、向……Bob threw a stone at a dog.
(F)表示原因，由于…… He was surprised at his friend’s rudeness.
(G)表示能力，擅長(zhǎng)于…… My sister is good at painting.
(2)同一介詞跟不同動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成不同意義的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，以on為例。
(A)I hope to call on you in your office this afternoon.(拜訪)
(B)We live on our salary.(依靠……生活)
(C)The price depends on quality.(依賴)
(D)He insisted on her staying in London.(堅(jiān)持要)
(E)The doctor operated on her chest yesterday.(給……動(dòng)手術(shù))
(F)Put on your coat before you go out.(穿上)
(G)The village has taken on a new look.(呈現(xiàn))
(3)同一動(dòng)詞跟不同介詞構(gòu)成不同意義的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，以look為例。
(A)He looked about him but saw no one.(環(huán)顧)
(B)The boy is old enough to look after himself.(照料)
(C)Look at the photo,please.(看)
(D)What are you looking for?(尋找)
(E)I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible.(調(diào)查)
(F)I looked through today’s newspaper but I found nothing important in it.(瀏覽)
(G)You should learn how to look up word in a dictionary.(查閱)
(4)正確區(qū)分介詞to和動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to。
The murderer was sentenced to death.(介詞)
The coffee in the cup is too hot to drink.(動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào))
(5)幾種特殊的介詞賓語(yǔ)。
(A)不定式作賓語(yǔ)：I desire nothing but to have a quiet room to study in.
(B)形容詞作賓語(yǔ)：Although Spring has come,it is still quite cold instead of warm.
(C)副詞作賓語(yǔ)：His father is fresh from abroad.
(D)介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)：He has lived in Beijing since before liberation.
(E)由what,when,where,how等引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語(yǔ)(that從句例外)：
(6)不要遺漏介詞：
(A)不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，若該名詞在邏輯上與其有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不及物動(dòng)詞要有相應(yīng)的介詞。
Give me a piece of paper to write on.
(B)不定式在enough…to…句型中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，若句子的主語(yǔ)在邏輯上與其有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不及物動(dòng)詞要有相應(yīng)的介詞。
No bed is big enough for him to sleep on.
(C)在定語(yǔ)從句中，若關(guān)系代詞是從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，而這個(gè)動(dòng)詞又是不及物的，或者介詞與關(guān)系代詞一起表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、工具時(shí)，都要有相應(yīng)的介詞。
I shall never forget the day on which I saw Premier Zhou for the first time.
I don’t know the person my father nodded to just now.
(D)在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中，介詞是固定的，不能隨意變換，也不能省略。
4.容易混淆的幾組介詞舉例
(A)after指以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn)的過(guò)去一段時(shí)間，跟過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用，in指以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的將來(lái)一段時(shí)間，跟一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用。
He will come back in a week.一星期后他將回來(lái)。
He came back after three days.三天后他回來(lái)了。
(B)after指某個(gè)特定的未來(lái)時(shí)刻或日期之后，跟將來(lái)時(shí)連用。
I’ll be free after 5 o’clock.五點(diǎn)鐘以后我有空。
He will come here after May 6th.五月六日后他要來(lái)這里。
(C)以將來(lái)(不是現(xiàn)在)某一時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)的若干時(shí)間之后，也可用after。
I’ll call on him next Monday and I’ll call again after two weeks.
(2)for,since,by,during
for表示某一動(dòng)作延續(xù)到講話時(shí)候?yàn)橹梗梢院屯瓿蓵r(shí)態(tài)連用;since其后跟表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)，多與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用，意思是從那個(gè)時(shí)候到講話的時(shí)候;by表示時(shí)間上的界限，常與完成時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)連用，作“到……為止”解;during既可表示一段時(shí)間，又可表示這段時(shí)間內(nèi)的某一點(diǎn)，意思是“在……期間”。
Where have you been since I last saw you?自從上次見(jiàn)面后，你去哪兒了?
They have stayed here for two months.他們?cè)谶@兒待了兩個(gè)月。
By the end of last term,we had learned 500 English words.到上學(xué)期末，我們學(xué)了五百個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。
They swim every day during the holidays.假期他們每天游泳。
(3)by,with,in
by表示“以……方式、方法、手段”等，也可用來(lái)泛指某種交通工具;with表示“以……工具、手段”等，一般接具體的手段和工具;in表示“以……方式”或“用……語(yǔ)言(語(yǔ)調(diào)、筆墨、顏色)”等。
Did you come by train or by air?你是坐火車還是乘飛機(jī)來(lái)的。
I killed the spider with a newspaper.我用報(bào)紙打死了蜘蛛。
It’s written in ink.這是用墨水寫的。
(4)in,on,to
in表示B在A的范圍內(nèi);on表示B與A相毗鄰;to表示B在A的范圍之外。
China is in the east of Asia.中國(guó)在亞洲的東部。
I live in a town on the river.我住在臨河的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上。
Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中國(guó)的東方。
(5)across,over,through
across表示從一邊到另一邊，“橫過(guò)”的意思;over表示跨過(guò)一段距離，“越過(guò)”的意思;through表示通過(guò)一個(gè)空間，“穿過(guò)”的意思。
The dog swam across the river. 狗游過(guò)了河。
Light comes in through the window.光透過(guò)窗戶射進(jìn)來(lái)。
There is a short cut over the field.有一條小路穿過(guò)這片原野。
(6)besides,except,except for
besides含有“加”的關(guān)系，表示“除……之外，還(包括)……”，屬于肯定性質(zhì);except含有“減”的關(guān)系，表示“所有都(如此)……除了……之外”，屬于否定性質(zhì);except for表示在說(shuō)明基本情況后，而在細(xì)節(jié)上加以修正，其后面的賓語(yǔ)與句中所涉及的內(nèi)容并非同類。
Fifteen students went there besides Tom.
除了湯姆之外，還有15個(gè)學(xué)生去了那兒。(湯姆也去了，共16個(gè)。)
Fifteen students went there except Tom.
除了湯姆之外，有15個(gè)學(xué)生去了那兒。(共15人，湯姆沒(méi)有去。)
Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.
除了一些拼寫錯(cuò)誤外，你的作文很好。
5.介詞使用特例
在下列情況下，表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)前無(wú)介詞：
(1)以next或last開頭的短語(yǔ)
例如：We are meeting next Tuesday.我們下周二見(jiàn)面。
He stayed with us last week.上周他和我們?cè)谝黄稹?/p>
(2)以this或that開頭的短語(yǔ)
例如：What are you doing this evening?你今天晚上要做什么?
He was coming to give a talk that very evening.在那天晚上他要來(lái)做報(bào)告。
(3)以tomorrow或yesterday開頭的短語(yǔ)，包括the day after tomorrow和the day before yesterday
例如：I have to get up very early tomorrow morning.明天早上我得早起。
She had her operation the day before yesterday.她前天接受了手術(shù)。
(4)以one,any,each,every,some開頭的短語(yǔ)
例如：Then one year,the rains failed to come.然后有一年沒(méi)有下雨。
You can come any day you like.你愿意哪天來(lái)就哪天來(lái)。
Every morning,the newspaper chief editor holds a meeting with the journalists.
每天上午，報(bào)社主編都召集記者們開會(huì)。
Some day,we will meet again.總有一天，我們會(huì)見(jiàn)面。
Plants grow well all the year round.植物一年到頭都長(zhǎng)得很好。
(5)以most開頭的短語(yǔ)
例如：Most of the time,we eat fish.大部分時(shí)間，我們吃的是魚。
考題精講
1.上海 2003
The confernce has been held to discuss the effects of tourism_________the wildlife in the area.
A.in B.on C.at D.with
解析：本題考查名詞與介詞的搭配使用問(wèn)題，根據(jù)句中effects這個(gè)名詞，選擇on，表示“對(duì)……有影響”，故排除A、C、D項(xiàng)，選B項(xiàng)。
答案：B。
2.廣東 2004
I feel that one of my main duties_________a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.
A.for B.by C.as D.with
解析：as此處理解成“作為”。
答案：C。
3.the foot of the hill there is a beautiful lake and_________the top of it there is a tower.
A.At;in B.At;on C.In;at D.On;at
答案：B
解析：在山腳下要用介詞at，而在山頂既可用at，也可用on。
4.He will spend his holidays_________ National Day.
A.at B.for C.after D.it
答案：C。
解析：after與“在某一特定時(shí)間”的詞語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可用過(guò)去時(shí)，也可用將來(lái)時(shí)。此句可以把National Day當(dāng)作一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間。意思是“他要在國(guó)慶節(jié)后度假。”
名題精練
1.—How long has this bookshop been in business?
—_________1982.
A.After B.In C.From D.Since
2.We offered him our congratulations_________ his passing the college entrance exams.
A.at B.on C.for D.of
3.American women usually identify their best friend as someone_________they can talk frequently.(2004·上海)
A.who B.as
C.aboutwhich D.whith whom
4.Everyone enjoyed the party_________May Day,that is to say,_________this Saturday.
A.on;on B.at;on
C.at;in D.on;/
5.What kind of animal can live both_________land and_________water?
A.on;on B.in;on C.on;in D.in;in
6.The coffee shop is_________she street.
A.on B.across C.in D.to
7.Let’s walk over_________ the sun on the other side of the street.
A.to B.below C.under D.by
8.In this matter,I’m sorry that I have to sideyou.
A.at B.to C.against D.with
9.We normally use the front entrance_________ the building but there is another entrance_________the back.
A.to;to B.at;at
C.to;at D.of;in
10.The police have said that there is no connection_________the murders.
A.in B.for C.on D.between
11.To my horrow,I saw,_________my father’s shoulder,a gorilla.
A.on B.above C.over D.from
12.My first customer was a girl_________a red dress.
A.of B. with C.on D.in
13.How long have you been up?
five o’lock.
A.After B.In C.on D.in
14.What language did you talk with the foreigner_________ ?
A. / B. in C. with D. by
15. He will always be remembered_________ one of the greatest teachers of the Chinese people.
A. by B. as C. like D. for
16. —Where did you go_________ your holiday?
—I went to Hainan province.
A. to B. for C. in D. on
17. I stepped_________ the bus and_________ the snowstorm,but I was often_________ the highway.
A. from;into;on B. out of;into;off
C. out of;in;in D. off;through;from
18. He showed me a photo of the hotel he stayed_________ .
A. where B. there
C. in it D. in
19. The camel was blind_________the right eye and only ate the grass_________ the left side.
A. on;in B. in;on
C. in;at D. at;on
20. Ideas_________what are good manners are not always the same_________ different countries.
A. of;in B. about;from
C. by; among D. on;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
介詞的用法講解相關(guān)文章推薦：
1.介詞的用法講解