8年級上冊英語語法和短語
8年級上冊英語語法和短語
八年級,即原來的初級中學(xué)二年級(初二年級),2001年實(shí)施《義務(wù)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》之后,為實(shí)現(xiàn)義務(wù)教育的連續(xù)性,初二年級改稱“八年級”。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的8年級上冊英語語法和短語,供大家參閱!
8年級上冊英語語法和短語:Unit 1
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?
本單元的話題:談?wù)摷倨诨顒?dòng)內(nèi)容,復(fù)習(xí)一般過去時(shí)。
本單元的語法:
1.復(fù)習(xí)一般過去時(shí);
2.學(xué)習(xí)不定代詞和不定副詞的用法。
語法:
1.本單元出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則過去式有:
is\am---was是 are -- were是 go---went去 buy—bought買 take ---took拿走, do\does—did feed—fed喂 see—saw 看見 eat—ate 吃 have\has—had 有,吃
feel—felt感覺 ride—rode騎 get—got到達(dá),得到can—could能,會(huì)forget—forgot忘記drink—drank喝 find—found找到
2.不定代詞和不定副詞的用法:
some body
any one
every thing no where(疑問副詞)
不定代詞和不定副詞
(1)左邊的some、any、every、no與右邊的body、one、thing構(gòu)成不定代詞,some、any、every、no與右邊的疑問副詞where構(gòu)成不定副詞;
(2)一般情況下以some開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞用于肯定句,以any開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞用于否定句、疑問句;以no開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞表示否定含義(no one為兩個(gè)單詞);
(3)不定代詞或不定副詞和形容詞連用時(shí),形容詞放在后面。
He has something他有重要的事情要做。(肯定句用something,形容詞important放后) Did you buy (一般疑問句用anything,形容詞special放后)
Did you go anywhere上個(gè)月你去令人感興趣的地方了嗎?
(interesting放后)
(4)不定代詞和不定副詞做主語時(shí),后面的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Everone is here today.今天每個(gè)人都在這里。
本單元的短語和知識(shí)點(diǎn):
1.(P1,圖片) go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains 上山/進(jìn)山
2.(P1,1a) stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海灘 visit museums 參觀博物館 go to summer camp去參觀夏令營
3.(P2,2b) study for tests為考試而學(xué)習(xí)\備考 go out出去
4.(P2,2d) quite a few相當(dāng)多,不少(后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))
He has quite a few friends.他有不少朋友。take photos照相 most of the time大部分時(shí)間
5.(P3,語法表格3行) buy sth for sb = buy sb sth為某人買某物 My mother bought me a sweater=My mother bought a sweater for me.我媽媽給我買了一件毛衣。
6.(P3,語法表格4行) taste good. 嘗起來很好
taste(嘗起來)、look(看起來)、sound(聽起來)為感官動(dòng)詞,后跟形容詞
The food tastes delicious.這食品嘗起來非??煽?。
The T-shirt looks beautiful.這件體恤衫看起來很漂亮。
The songs sound beautiful.這些歌曲聽起來很優(yōu)美。
7.(P3,語法表格5行)have a good\great\fun time過得高興,玩得愉快(=enjoy oneself)
They had a good time yesterday.= They enjoyed themselves yesterday.他們昨天玩得很開心。
8.(P3,3a) go shopping去購物
9.(P3,3b,4行) nothing„but+動(dòng)詞原形:除了„„之外什么都沒有
He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了讀書無事可做。
10.(P3,3b,5行) seem to do sth:好像„ I seem to know him.我好像認(rèn)識(shí)他。
seem+(to be)+形容詞:看起來„The work seems(to be)easy.這工作看起來很容易。
11.(P3,3c)keep a diary記日記
12.(P5,2b,1行大地方:達(dá)到某地 (get to +地方:達(dá)到某地)
小地方:達(dá)到某地 (get的過去式為got)
He arrived in Beijing yesterday.他昨天達(dá)到北京。
若是arrive和ge后跟home、there、here三個(gè)地點(diǎn)副詞,后面的介詞in\at\to必須去掉。
昨晚湯姆到家。
)decide to do sth:決定做某事他決定回家。
14.(P5,2b,3行) try doing sth.嘗試做某事try to do sth.盡力去做某事
The boy tried riding bicycle.這個(gè)小孩試著騎自行車
He tried to help the old man.他盡力幫助這個(gè)老年人。
15.(P5,2b,4行) feel like給„的感覺;感受到
16.(P5,2b,1段末行) in the past 在過去 walk around四處走走
enjoy doing sth:喜歡做某事He enjoys playing basketball.他喜歡打籃球。
17.(P5,2b,2段1行)difference(名詞,差異,差別)---- different(形容詞,不同的)
18.(P5,2b,2段2行)start doing sth:開始做某事 (= start to do sth)
He started doing his homework. 他開始做家庭作業(yè)。
19.(P5,2b,2段3行)over an hour一個(gè)多小時(shí) (over超過,多余 = more than)
20.(P5,2b,2段4行) too many 太多,后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.昨天媽媽買了很多雞蛋。
too much 太多,后跟不可數(shù)名詞,修飾動(dòng)詞作狀語。
我們有很多工作要做。 Don’t talk too much.不要說太多。
much too 太,后跟形容詞或副詞這帽子對我來說太大。 你走地太快了。
分辨三者的口訣:用法區(qū)別看后頭:much 后接不可數(shù),too 后修飾形或副。too many 要記住,后面名詞必復(fù)數(shù)。
21.(P5,2b,2段6行) because of 因?yàn)?
because因?yàn)椋蟾渥印?/p>
He can’t go to school because of the rain.他因?yàn)橄掠隂]去上學(xué)。(rain為名詞)
He was late for school because of他因?yàn)槠鹜矶蠈W(xué)遲到。(get為動(dòng)詞)
= He was late for school becauseI don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.我沒有買這件襯衣因?yàn)樗F。
22.(P5,2b,2段8行)enough(足夠的)與名詞連用,一般放在名詞前
他有足夠的錢。(money為名詞)
enough(足夠的enough放在后面。
為形容詞)
23.(倒數(shù)4忘記已經(jīng)做過某事(已經(jīng)做完)
to do sth.忘記去做某事(還未做)(forget的過去式為forgot)
Don’t foget to close the door.不要忘記關(guān)上門。(門還未關(guān))
He forgot closing the door.他忘記已經(jīng)關(guān)上門了。(門已經(jīng)關(guān)上,但是他忘了)
24.(P6,2e,5行)another+數(shù)字+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù):額外多少某物
He ate one apple,he wanted another two apples.他吃了一個(gè)蘋果,還想再要兩個(gè)。
25.(P8,self check,2,6行)so+形容詞+that+句子:如此„以至于„
too+形容詞+to do sth:太„以至于不能„
形容詞+enough to do sth:足夠„能夠做某事(注意三個(gè)句型有時(shí)可以互換)
He is so young that he can′t go to school.他如此年輕以至于不能去上學(xué)。
= He is too young to go to school. 他太年輕以至于不能去上學(xué)。
= He isn′t old enough to go to school.
26.(P8,self check,2,7行)tell sb (not) to do sth:告訴某人(不要)做某事
My mother often tells us not to play in the street.我的媽媽經(jīng)常告訴我不要在街上玩。
8年級上冊英語語法和短語:Unit 2
Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
本單元的話題:談?wù)撋盍?xí)慣,復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
本單元的語法:1.復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);2.學(xué)習(xí)表示頻率副詞的用法。
主要頻率副詞的等級排序:always(總是) > usually (通常) > often(經(jīng)常) > sometimes(有時(shí)) > hardly ever(很少) > never(從不)
這些副詞在句子中的位置,一般放在助動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,行為動(dòng)詞之前。即:“行”前“助(系)”后。 Peter is always late for school. Peter上學(xué)總是遲到。
I usually do my homework in the evening. 我通常在晚上做作業(yè)。
提問 always, sometimes, twice a day 等頻率副詞,用 How often I watch TV every day.我每天都看電視→How often do you watch TV?(你多長時(shí)間看一次電視?)
本單元的短語和知識(shí)點(diǎn):
1.(P9,圖片、1a) on weekends在周末 go to the movies去看電影help with housework幫助做家務(wù) how often多久一次 hardly ever幾乎從不
2.(P10,2a至2d) 2a:once a week每周一次 twice a week每周兩次 every day每天 2c:use the Internet用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
2d: be free有空Are you free on weekends?你周末有空嗎?
swing dance搖擺舞 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈和鋼琴課 play tennis打網(wǎng)球
How about„? „怎么樣?/ „好不好?(后跟名詞\代詞\V ing)(用來提出意見或征求對方建議)
I like apples,how about you ?我喜歡蘋果,你呢?(apple,名詞,蘋果)(how about =what about) How about going shopping this afternoon?今天下午去購物怎么樣?(go為動(dòng)詞)
3.(P11,語法表格)go shopping購物
4.(P11,3a) stay up late熬夜at least至少go to bed early早點(diǎn)睡覺play sports進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng)
5.(P11,3b)after school 放學(xué)后
6.(P12,1b)want sth:需要某物 He wants a new pen.他想要一支新鋼筆。
want to do sth:想做某事 He wants to watch TV after school.放學(xué)后他想去看電視。
want sb to do sth:讓某人做某事 My mother wants me get up early.媽媽讓我早起。
7.(P12,1b)be good for對„„有好處 be bad for 對„„有害處
Swimming is good for our health.游泳對我們的健康有好處。
Watching TV is bad for our eyes.看電視對我們的眼睛有害處。
8. (P13,2a) play computer games打電子游戲 go camping去野營
9.(P13,2b,1行)ask sb about sth:問某人某事
My parents often ask me about my study.我的父母經(jīng)常問我的學(xué)習(xí)情況。
10. (P13,2b,1段1行)in one’s spare time在某人業(yè)余時(shí)間
He studies English in his spare time.他在業(yè)余時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)英語。
11.(P13,2b)”數(shù)字+percent of+名詞”做主語時(shí),后面的單詞取決于名詞的情況。若名詞為復(fù)數(shù),后面的動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;若名詞為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,后面的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
In our class ,twenty of students are boys.在我們班,百分之二十的學(xué)生為男生。
Thirty of water is dirty.百分之三十的水是臟的。
12.(P13,2b,2段3行)not„at all:一點(diǎn)兒也不 (not構(gòu)成否定句)
I don’t like the movie at all.我一點(diǎn)也不喜歡這部電影。
13.(P13,2b,3段)go online上網(wǎng)
14.(P13,2b,3段)the answer to+名詞:„的答案 the answer to the question這個(gè)問題的答案
15.(P13,2b,4段) the most popular最受歡迎的
although(雖然)不能與but連用,但可以與yet ,still 連用。
Although it is dark ,they are still working.雖然天黑了,但他們?nèi)栽诠ぷ鳌?/p>
Although he is old ,he is quite strong.他雖然年齡大了,但身體很健壯。
16.(P13,2b,5段1行)the (best) way to do sth: 做某事的(最好)方式
The best way to learn English is speaking English.學(xué)習(xí)英語的最好方法是說英語.
17.(P13,2b,5段2行) such as比如 (后跟名詞或名詞短語)for example 例如(后跟句子) He likes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so on.他喜歡水果,例如蘋果、香蕉等。
He has some good ways to study English,for example ,he often listens to tapes.他有許多好的方法學(xué)習(xí)英語,例如,他經(jīng)常聽磁帶。
18.(P13,2b,5段4行) old habits die hard積習(xí)難改。
19.(P15,3a)more than (=over)超過,多余 go to the dentist去看牙醫(yī)
8年級上冊英語語法和短語:Unit 3
Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.
本單元的話題:談?wù)撌挛飳Ρ?,學(xué)習(xí)形容詞比較級。
本單元的語法:學(xué)習(xí)形容詞比較級。(語法:見課本第113頁至115頁)
本單元出現(xiàn)的形容詞和副詞的比較級有:
long—longer(長的),tall--taller(高的)fast—faster(更快),funny—funnier(更有趣)
friendly—friendlier(更友好),early—earlier(更早),lazy—lazier(更懶惰), high—higher(更高), hard—harder(更努力) ,quiet—quieter(更安靜,更內(nèi)向),
smart—smarter(更聰明)loud —louder(更響亮),good\well--better (更好) many\much—more (更多),popular—more popular(更受歡迎)loudly—more loudly(更響亮) outgoing--more outgoing(更外向/更開朗), hard-working—more hard-working(更努力)clearly—more clearly(更清楚)serious—more serious(更嚴(yán)肅)
形容詞和副詞的比較級講解:
1.比較級表示兩個(gè)人或物的比較。所用的句型為“比較級+than”(比„更„),若than前后所使用的的動(dòng)詞相同時(shí),通常用助動(dòng)詞代替后面的動(dòng)詞,后面的動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞可以省略。注意比較的對象必須性質(zhì)相同。I am taller than my brother.我比我的弟弟高。
He is more outgoing than me.他比我外向。
2.比較級前,可以用much(更„,多得多„),a lot(更„,多得多„),even(更„,多得多„),a little(稍微)來表示程度。I am a little thinner than my sister.我比我的妹妹稍微瘦。 She is much more beautiful than her sister.她比她的妹妹更漂亮。
本單元的短語和知識(shí)點(diǎn):
1.(P17,圖片)play+the +樂器 play the drums打鼓
比較play +球類 play basketball打籃球
both„and„兩者都(后面的動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)Both Tom and Jim are students. 湯姆和吉姆都是學(xué)生。
2.(P18,2d) the singing competition 歌詠比賽 the most important 最重要的
3.(P20,1a)be good at+名詞\代詞\V ing:擅長,在某方面做得好
He is good at math.他擅長數(shù)學(xué)(math為名詞)I am good at playing basketball.我擅長打籃球。(play為動(dòng)詞)
4.(P20,1a)make sb do sth:讓某人做某事He makes me help him.他讓我?guī)椭?/p>
5.(P20,1b)the same as與„相同His book is the same as my book.他的書與我的書一樣。
6. (P20,1b)be talented in sth:在某方面有天賦He is talented in music.他在音樂方面有天賦。
7.(P21,2b,1段2行)be like:像„ The books are like friends.書像朋友。
8.(P21,2b,1段)make friends (with sb):(和某人)交朋友
He often makes friends with children.他經(jīng)常和孩子們交朋友.
enjoy doing sth:喜歡做某事 Tom enjoys reading.湯姆喜歡讀書。
9.(P21,2b,2段)be different from與„不同My brother is different from me.我弟弟與我不一樣。
10.(P21,2b,2段)help sb to (do) sth:幫助某人做某事
常與help sb with sth(在某方面幫助某人)互換 He often helps me (to) learn English.他經(jīng)常幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語。= He often helps me with my English.他經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我。 help (to) do sth:幫助做某事He often helps( to)cook at home.他經(jīng)常在家?guī)椭鲲垺?/p>
11.(P21,2b,3段)care about關(guān)心
My parents often care about my study.我的父母親經(jīng)常關(guān)心我的學(xué)習(xí).
12.(P22,2d)比較級表示最高級常用:
比較級 +than +the other+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
=比較級+than +any other+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(用于一范圍內(nèi)一個(gè)與余下進(jìn)行比較) 例如: He is the tallest student in our class .(最高級)在我們班他是最高的學(xué)生。
= He is taller than any other student in our class.
= He is taller than the other students in our class.在我們班,他比其他的學(xué)生高。
(在我們班,他與他之外的其他的同學(xué)進(jìn)行比較)
shanghai is the biggest city in china.上海是中國最大的城市。
13.(P24,4)be good with sb:與某人相處很好
The teacher is good with students.這位老師與學(xué)生相處很好。
14.(P24,4)information (n.消息,信息)不可數(shù)名詞
8年級上冊英語語法和短語:Unit 4
Unit 4 What's the best movie theater?
本單元的話題:談?wù)撌挛飳Ρ龋?學(xué)習(xí)形容詞和副詞的最高級。
本單元的語法:學(xué)習(xí)形容詞和副詞的最高級。
1.形容詞和副詞的最高級常用于表示三者或三者以上進(jìn)行比較,后面可用of或in短語表示比較的范圍。He is the tallest in his class.在他那個(gè)班,他是最高的。
Tom studies (the) best of the three students.在這三個(gè)學(xué)生中湯姆學(xué)習(xí)最好
2.形容詞和副詞的最高級前常常有the(副詞的最高級前的the可以省略),例如:
He is the tallest student in our class.在我們班他是最高的學(xué)生。(tall為形容詞,the不能省) 湯姆在他那個(gè)學(xué)校跑得最快。(fast為副詞修飾動(dòng)詞run,the可以省略)
Tom runs (the) fastest in his school.
3.比較級也可以表示最高級的含義,見Unit3,12講解。
本單元出現(xiàn)的形容詞和副詞的最高級有:
good(好)—best,bad\badly(壞的)—worst,frest(新鮮的)—frestest, big(大)—biggest fast(快的)--fastest new(新的)—newest cheap(便宜的)—cheapest funny(有趣的)- funniest close(近的)—closest short(矮的)—shortest quiet(安靜的,內(nèi)向的)—quietest expensive(昂貴的)—most expensive,popular(受歡迎的)—most popular,quikcly(快地)—most quikcly beautiful(美麗的)—most beautiful, comefortable(舒服的)—most comefortable cheaply(便宜地)—most cheaply carefully(仔細(xì)地,細(xì)心地)—most carefully boring(無聊的)—most boring exciting(令人興奮的)—most exciting interesting(令人感興趣的)—most interesting serious(嚴(yán)肅的,認(rèn)真的)—most serious creative(有創(chuàng)造力的)—most creative, talented(有天賦的)—most talented
本單元的短語和知識(shí)點(diǎn):
1.(P26,2d,2行)welcome to+地點(diǎn):歡迎來到某地 Welcome to our school.歡迎來我校。
2.(P27語法表)What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你認(rèn)為...怎么樣?
What do you think of the book?你認(rèn)為這本書怎么樣? It is boring.很無聊。
3.(P29,2b,1段2行)watch sb do sth:看見某人做了某事(= see sb do sth )
I watched him play basketball yesterday.昨天我看見他打籃球了。
4.(P29,2b,1段3行)比較級別 +and+比較級:越來越„
(若比較級為more+形容詞原級,則為:more and more形容詞原級)
The buildings are taller and taller.樓房越來越高。
Our school is getting more and more beautiful.我們的學(xué)校正在變得越來越漂亮。
5.(P29,2b,1段末行)around the world全世界=all over the world,such as 例如
8年級上冊英語語法和短語:Unit 5
Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?
本單元的話題:談?wù)撟约簩μ焓构?jié)目或電影的喜好,學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)自己的感受。
本單元的語法:復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
本單元的短語和知識(shí)點(diǎn):
1.(P33,圖片) What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你認(rèn)為„怎么樣? What do you think of the movie?你認(rèn)為這部電影怎么樣? It is boring.很無聊。
2.(P33,圖片)(補(bǔ)充)mind doing sth:介意做某事
Would you mind opening the door?你介意打開門嗎?Of course not.當(dāng)然不介意。
3.(P33,1a) news (不可數(shù)名詞,消息,信息) a piece of good news一條好消息
4.(P34,2b,2行)learn (sth) from sb:向某人學(xué)習(xí)(某物)
We is learning English from the teacher.我們正在向這位老師學(xué)習(xí)英語。
5.(P34,2c,1行)plan to do sth:計(jì)劃做某事(plan的過去式planned,現(xiàn)在分詞planning) He is planning to visit Beijing.他正在計(jì)劃訪問北京。
6.(P34,2c,4行)hope to do sth:希望做某事
He hopes to meet the famous singer.他希望與這位著名歌手的見面。
7.(P34,2d,2行)have a discussion (about sth):討論(某物)
They had a discussion about the movie yesterday昨天他們討論了這部電影。
8.(P34,2d,倒數(shù)5行)favorite (形容詞,最喜愛的)= like„best
My favorite shows are talk shows.我最喜歡的節(jié)目是談話節(jié)目。=I like talk shows best.
9.(P34,2d,倒數(shù)2行)expect to do sth:期待做某事
The girl alaways expects to meet her favorite actor.這個(gè)女孩總是期待與他最喜歡的演員見面。
10.(P37,2b,1段2行)think of認(rèn)為,想起He often thinks of his teachers.他經(jīng)常想起他的老師。
11.(P37,2b,1段倒數(shù)2行)in the 1930s:在二十世紀(jì)三十年代(1930年至1939年)
in the 2010s:在二十一世紀(jì)10年代(2010年至2019年)
12.(P37,2b,2段2行)one of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù):„之一(該短語放在句首做主語時(shí),后面的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式)One of the students has an English dictionary.這些學(xué)生中一個(gè)人有英語字典。
13.(P37,2b,2段3行)try to do sth:盡力做某事He tried to help the old man.他盡力幫助這老人。 try doing sth:試著做某事The boy tried riding a bicycle.這個(gè)孩子試著騎自行車。
14.(P37,2b,2段3行)luck(名詞,幸運(yùn),運(yùn)氣)—lucky(形容詞,幸運(yùn)的)--unlucky (形容詞,不幸的)
15.(P37,2b,2段5行)be ready to do sth樂意做某事
He is always ready to help others.他總是樂于助人。
16.(P37,2b,2段5行)try one's best (to do sth):盡力(做某事)
He often tries his best to help me.他總是盡力幫助我。
17.(P39,3a,3行)take one’s place:代替,替換 (take的過去式為took)
Our English teacher wasn't at school,Mr. Wang took her place to teach us English.我們英語老師不在學(xué)校,王老師代替她教我們英語。