英語四級(jí)句子翻譯技巧有哪些
英語四級(jí)句子翻譯技巧有哪些
學(xué)好英語,一套科學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)方法是必不可少的。由于個(gè)人實(shí)際情況不同,生搬硬套是行不通的。但我相信:只要仔細(xì)體會(huì),逐漸摸索,人人都可以創(chuàng)造出一套有特色并且行之有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法。在這里,我想同大家談?wù)勎以趯W(xué)習(xí)英語過程中的一些體會(huì),以供參考。
英語四級(jí)句子翻譯技巧有哪些
漢語與譯文的表達(dá)
1漢語從反面表達(dá),譯文從正面表達(dá)
例1:他提出的論據(jù)相當(dāng)不充實(shí)。
譯文:The argument he put forward is pretty thin. (詞)
例2:我們確信,年輕一代將不會(huì)辜負(fù)我們的信任。
譯文:We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. (短語)
例3:他七十歲了,可是并不顯老。
譯文:He was 70, but he carried his years lightly. (句子)
2漢語從正面表達(dá),譯文從反面表達(dá)
例4:他這個(gè)人優(yōu)柔寡斷,而且總是反復(fù)無常。
譯文:He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. (詞)
例5:調(diào)查結(jié)果清清楚楚地顯示病人死于心臟病。
譯文:The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease.(短語)
例6:這類舉動(dòng)遲早會(huì)被人發(fā)覺的。
譯文:Such actions couldn’t long escape notice. (句子)
3特殊的否定句式
例7:有利必有弊。
譯文:There is not any advantage without disadvantage. (雙重否定)
例8:我們?cè)谀莻€(gè)城市從未因?yàn)槭仟q太人而遭受歧視。
譯文:In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. (否定轉(zhuǎn)移)
二分句、合句法
謂合句法就是把原文兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句或一個(gè)復(fù)合句譯成一個(gè)單句。
1分句法
漢譯英時(shí),需要分譯的句子多數(shù)是長句,或者是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)句。這種句子如果譯成一個(gè)長句,就會(huì)使譯文冗長、累贅、意思表達(dá)不清楚,也不符合英文習(xí)慣。如果采用分譯,則會(huì)使譯文簡潔、易懂、層次分明。如以下五個(gè)例子:
例1. 少年是一去不復(fù)返的,等到精力衰竭時(shí),要做學(xué)問也來不及了。(按內(nèi)容層次分譯)
譯文: Youth will soon be gone, never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.
例2. 她隔窗望去,突然發(fā)現(xiàn)有只小船停泊在河邊,船里有位船夫睡得正香。(從主語變換處分譯)
譯文: Looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep.
例3. 聲速隨溫度的升降會(huì)有輕微的增減,但不受氣壓的影響。(從關(guān)聯(lián)詞處分譯)
譯文: The speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperature and falls with decrease in temperature. It is not affected by the pressure of the air
例4. 我們的政策是實(shí)行“一個(gè)國家,兩種制度”,具體說,就是在中華人民共和國內(nèi),有著十多億人口的大陸實(shí)行社會(huì)主義制度,香港、臺(tái)灣地區(qū)實(shí)行資本主義制度。(原文出現(xiàn)總說或分述時(shí)要分譯)
譯文: We are pursuing a policy of “one country with two systems.” More specifically, this means that within the People’s Republic of China, the mainland with its more than one billion people will maintain the socialist system, while Hong Kong and Taiwan continue under the capitalist system.
例5. 我們主張對(duì)我國神圣領(lǐng)土臺(tái)灣實(shí)行和平統(tǒng)一,有關(guān)的政策,也是眾所周知和不會(huì)改變的,并且正在深入人心。(為了強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣而采用分譯)
譯文: We want peaceful reunification with Taiwan which is part of our sacred territory. Our policy in this regard is also known to all and will not change. The desire for peaceful reunification of the motherland is taking hold in the hearts of the entire Chinese nation.
2合句法
把漢語的兩個(gè)句子,甚至更多句子,合譯成英語的一句。使用合句法還可以使譯文緊湊、簡練。如以下三個(gè)例子:
例6:一代人與一代人之間的沖突,也就是年輕人與老年人的沖突,似乎是最可笑的。因?yàn)檫@就是現(xiàn)在的自己與將來的自己,或者說過去的自己與現(xiàn)在的自己的沖突。(在關(guān)聯(lián)詞處合譯)
譯文:A conflict between the generations between youth and age seems the most stupid, for it is one between oneself as one is and oneself as one will be, or between oneself as one was and oneself as one is.
例7:對(duì)我來說,我的水族箱就像我自己的一個(gè)小王國。我就是里面的國王。(從主語變換處合譯)
譯文:To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom where I am king.
例8:第二天,我又接到一個(gè)電報(bào)。這個(gè)電報(bào)有34個(gè)字,比前一個(gè)電報(bào)說得更詳細(xì)。(按內(nèi)容連貫合譯)
譯文:The following day I received another telegram consisting of 34 ciphers, giving more details.