英語(yǔ)六級(jí)完形填空技巧
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英語(yǔ)六級(jí)完形填空1.詞義辨析
詞義辨析主要集中在實(shí)詞,即名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞,設(shè)題通常以同義詞、反義詞或易混詞的形式出現(xiàn)。這就要求考生在做題時(shí)要根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境確定答案,將意義相反或相差較大的選項(xiàng)剔除掉,再根據(jù)已知詞對(duì)未知詞在句法和語(yǔ)法上的要求,選擇使句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整、語(yǔ)法正確、語(yǔ)義符合邏輯的最佳答案。
例 1
For example, it has long been known that total sleep 1 is 100 percent fatal to rats...
A reduction B destruction C deprivation D restriction
[注釋] C
reduction意為“減少”;destruction意為“破壞”;deprivation意為“剝奪,喪失”;而restriction意為“限制”。題意為“完全剝奪老鼠的睡眠對(duì)它而言是致命的”,所以選 C deprivation。
例 2
When the work is well done, a 2 of accident free operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.
A regulation B climate
C circumstance D requirement
[注釋] B
四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別為:regulation“規(guī)定”;climate“氣候,風(fēng)氣,氣氛”;circumstance“情況”;requirement“要求”。根據(jù)題意,“當(dāng)這項(xiàng)工作出色完成后,無(wú)事故操作的氣氛便形成了……”,所以 B climate 最符合題意。
英語(yǔ)六級(jí)完形填空2.固定搭配
固定搭配以動(dòng)詞、形容詞與副詞、介詞構(gòu)成的詞組居多,在設(shè)題上以考副詞和介詞為主。這種題需要考生平時(shí)多下功夫積累常用詞組,并注意歸納,比較其中的介詞、副詞搭配,增強(qiáng)題感。
例 1
The key to the industrialization of space is the U.S space shuttle. With it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle 1 of flying into space and returning many times.
A capable B suitable C efficient D fit
[注釋] A
空格后的of表示只有選項(xiàng)(A)capable能用在此處。suitable與to或for連用,如:This wine is not suitable to my taste. 這酒不合我的胃口;fit與for連用;efficient意思為“有效率的”,顯然不符合題意。
例 3
He most use this surplus in three ways : as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity.
A for B against C of D towards
[注釋]B
當(dāng)名詞insurance表示“保險(xiǎn),保護(hù)”之意時(shí),后面搭配的介詞為against,類似的句子還有:I bought some more locks as an additional insurance against burglary。“我又買了些鎖作為額外的防范措施”。
英語(yǔ)六級(jí)完形填空3.從語(yǔ)法的角度,完型填空涉及的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則主要包括:
?、賱?dòng)詞之間的搭配要求,如名詞需形容詞、名詞、冠詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、詞組及定語(yǔ)從句修飾;動(dòng)詞需副詞,詞組修飾;及物動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)加賓語(yǔ),等等。
?、?主謂搭配一致:時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、人稱和數(shù);
③ 否定句、各種否定詞及雙重否定;
④ 邏輯主語(yǔ),(在句法上不是主謂關(guān)系,但在語(yǔ)義上為使動(dòng)者與動(dòng)作的關(guān)系,)主要是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ);
⑤句型句式,包括區(qū)分簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、主從句、對(duì)稱結(jié)構(gòu)或省略、倒裝及割裂的復(fù)雜句子,這種題出現(xiàn)在較長(zhǎng)的復(fù)雜句子中,往往要求考生能區(qū)分句子主干與細(xì)枝末葉,理清句子各部分關(guān)系,并以此為基礎(chǔ)選擇正確的答案。
⑥ 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
例1
The rats develop bacterial infection of the blood, 1 their immune systems the self?protecting mechanism against diseases had crashed.
A if B as if
C only if Dif only
[注釋] B
最后半句突然出現(xiàn)一個(gè)與前面不一致的過(guò)去完成時(shí),說(shuō)明作者用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,那么此處就必須填入可以接虛擬語(yǔ)氣的連接詞as if。
例2
It can be ready for 2 trip in about two weeks.
A. new B. another
C. certain D. subsequent
[注釋] B
trip在這里為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),前面必須有定冠詞the或不定冠詞a(an),然后可以有相關(guān)形容詞修飾該詞,但在所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,A、C、D若與trip連用,前面缺少冠詞,而 B another=an other,與trip連用意思及語(yǔ)法上都符合英法表達(dá)習(xí)慣。
英語(yǔ)六級(jí)完形填空4.語(yǔ)境
所謂語(yǔ)境就是我們常說(shuō)的上下文。廣義的語(yǔ)境指所有的上下文,段與段之間,句子與句子之間,句子與段之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系。一切語(yǔ)義的理解都離不開上下文。狹義的語(yǔ)境是指句子內(nèi)部的詞語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)義上的聯(lián)系,我們根據(jù)這些聯(lián)系和選項(xiàng)的辨析選出正確的答案,這種語(yǔ)境出題原則應(yīng)與詞匯水平中的辨析結(jié)合起來(lái)。 例
Until recently, most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 1 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the average man.
A admitted B believed
C claimed D predicted
[注釋] A
前一句為主題句,定下了文章的基調(diào),直到不久前,大多數(shù)歷史學(xué)家對(duì)工業(yè)革命都持嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)的態(tài)度,由于第二句中that從句的內(nèi)容與他們的觀點(diǎn)正好矛盾,講的是工業(yè)革命帶給人們的好處,所以believe(相信)與claim(聲稱)都不能選,predict(預(yù)測(cè))也不對(duì),因?yàn)橐咽羌瘸墒聦?shí),而admit表示對(duì)客觀事實(shí)的承認(rèn),用在這里正好符合文意。
英語(yǔ)六級(jí)完形填空5.句間的邏輯關(guān)系
在完形填空中,句間的邏輯關(guān)系主要包接:并列關(guān)系(連接詞有and, while等);轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(連接詞有but, however, though, whereas, nevertheless等);順序關(guān)系(連接詞有before, after, and, first, second, then, next, finally等);解釋關(guān)系(連接詞有that is to say, in other words等);因果關(guān)系(連接詞有so, therefore, thus/because, for, since, as等);讓步關(guān)系(連接詞有though, although, despite, in spite of等);條件關(guān)系,(連接詞有if, unless, once, provided that, in case(of)等)。
例1
1 its economy continues to recover , the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary cookers.
A Even though B Now that
C If only D Provided that
[注釋] A
“經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮與工作臨時(shí)化”之間不存在因果或條件關(guān)系,所以now that(既然),if only(只要……就……),provided that(如果……就……)不符合題意,正確答案應(yīng)為 A even though表讓步。
例2
He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus.
Aonly if B much as
C long before D ever since
[注釋] A
原句意思為“只有在也能生產(chǎn)出多余糧食的時(shí)候,他才能養(yǎng)活自己和家人”,此處需填的是一個(gè)表示條件的連詞,只有(A)only if符合題意。