學(xué)地道英語口語:跟中式英語say no
學(xué)地道英語口語:跟中式英語say no
英語口語之 對中式英語Say No
“怎么是你?怎么老是你?(How are you? How old are you?)”; we two,英語書面語, who and who(咱倆誰跟誰);give you some color to see see(給你點顏色看看)…… 這些經(jīng)典的Chinglish你說過嗎? 鬧出過更加逗比的笑話嗎?讓咱們一起看看常說常錯的Chinglish吧。
01.蘿卜青菜,各有所愛。
[誤] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.
[正] Tastes differ.
注:Tastes differ/vary是句英語諺語,除此以外,原句還可翻譯成No dish suits all tastes或You can never make everyone happy等?!缎赂拍钣⒄Z》第三冊第23課的標(biāo)題是:One man's meat is another man's poison,抒發(fā)的很活躍。 總之,應(yīng)采取意譯。
02.有他這顆掃帚星,什么事件都辦不成。
[誤] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.
[正] With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.
注:“掃帚星”是中國人對“慧星”(comet)的俗稱,因其后面象拖著的一條像掃帚一樣的長尾巴而得名。在中國古代,“掃帚星”被認(rèn)為是災(zāi)禍的預(yù)兆,并被用來比喻不吉祥的人或事;禍根;person or thing that is thought to bring bad luck(to sb/sth); curse. 英語的comet雖然不這層含意,但卻有一個對應(yīng)的說法,即jinx。 例:There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble.“這輛汽車不太吉利,總給我找麻煩”。
03.他一貫嘴硬,從不認(rèn)錯。
[誤] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.
[正] He never says uncle.
注:Say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender; to admit defeat. Say uncle主要是男孩們打架時的用語,當(dāng)一方想制服另一方時,就用命令的口氣說:“Say uncle!”這時,有的孩子為了表示不服輸,就是不說。后來,say uncle就成了“服輸”的代名詞,而not say uncle就相當(dāng)于“嘴硬”了。
04.老師很喜歡這個嘴甜的小姑娘。
[誤] The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much.
[正] The teacher likes this honey-lipped little girl very much.
注:中國人喜歡說“嘴甜”,但honey-lipped更符合英麗人的語言習(xí)慣。
05.同學(xué)們都很討厭他,因為他經(jīng)常拍老師的馬屁。
[誤] The student all dislike him because he often pats the teacher's ass.
[正] The students all dislike him because he often licks the teacher's boots.
注:以前在歐洲,臣民見到國王與王后往往要匍匐在地,親吻他們的靴子。后來,人們將lick the boots引申為“為了某種目的而諂媚某人”,它與漢語的“拍馬屁”含意一樣。在美國英語中,“拍馬屁”還有另一種說法,即polish the apple,典出以前的學(xué)生用擦亮的蘋果來諂諛老師。
06.你據(jù)說了嗎?邁克把他的女朋友給甩了。
[誤] Have you ever heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend.
[正] Have you ever heard that Mike dumped his girlfriend.
注:Break up with sb固然表現(xiàn)“與某人分辨了”,但并沒說明是誰先提出來的。而dump的原意指“傾倒垃圾”,用在這里則表示像倒垃圾一樣地甩掉。
07.咱們要把祖國建設(shè)成為社會主義的古代化強國。
[誤] We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country.
[正] We will build our motherland into a modern powerful socialist country.
注:形容詞作為修飾語在漢語跟英語中都很常用,但應(yīng)用的先后次序卻有所不同。在英語中我們個別遵照“靠近準(zhǔn)則”,即越能闡明本質(zhì)屬性的修飾詞越湊近它所修飾的名詞。原文中最能說明“國家”實質(zhì)的定語是“社會主義的”,所以socialist要最湊近它所潤飾的中心詞。 總的來說,當(dāng)多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的時候,將表白總體觀點或進行形象描述的形容詞放在表白詳細(xì)觀點或進行具體描寫的形容詞前面。
08.我想要一點白酒。
[誤] I'd like a little bit of white wine.
[正] I'd like a little bit of liquor.
注: 漢語的“酒”可指任何酒,包括白酒、葡萄酒、啤酒,甚至米酒;但英語中則要辨別用liquor, wine, beer及rice wine表示。所以要留心,英語的wine與漢語的“酒”是有差別的,它僅指葡萄酒。而red wine是紅葡萄酒,white wine是白葡萄酒。
09.中華公民共跟國主席
[誤] Chairman of the People's Republic of China
[正] President of the People's Republic of China
注:以前,我們始終將“主席”翻譯為 chairman,例如:great leader Chairman Mao(宏大領(lǐng)袖毛主席)。切實“主席”與chairman并不等義,chairman在英語中通常指會議或某一詳細(xì)組織的負(fù)責(zé)人,它的權(quán)力和重要性不同中文的“主席”。這就是為什么1983年,在我國《憲法》的英譯單行本中開始利用President一詞,英語培訓(xùn),并沿用至今。別的,國內(nèi)仍有不少詞典把“班/級長(學(xué)校的)”譯為"class monitor",這是“_”時代的產(chǎn)物,那時的“班長”是專門監(jiān)管學(xué)生的,所以譯作"monitor"。而“班長”的正確譯文應(yīng)該是"class president"。
10.轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)南北
[誤] fight south and north
[正] fight north and south
注:在地理方位的表達習(xí)慣上,中英文有一定的差異。中國人習(xí)慣于先“東西”后“南北”,并且在涉及“南北”時,習(xí)慣于先說“南”,再說“北”,如:“赴湯蹈火”、“南來北往”等。而英美人與此正好相反,如“江蘇在中國的東南部”英文是 Jiangsu is in the south-east of China, 而“新疆在中國的西北部”應(yīng)譯為 Xinjiang is in the north-west of China。
掌握正確的英語表達
1. 人都是這山望著那山高,對自己的現(xiàn)狀不滿意的,英語口語。
[誤] Almost all people think that the other mountain is higher than the one he's standing on. They never feel saisfied with what they've already got.
[正] Almost all people think that the grass is greener on the other hill. They never feel saisfied with what they've already got.
注:“這山望著那山高”是指人不滿足于現(xiàn)狀的心理,它在英語中有現(xiàn)成的說法,即 the grass is greener on the other hill(他山的草更綠),因而我們借用即可,這樣既方便又更有利于與西方人溝通。
2. 北京申奧勝利的消息令我們熱血沸騰。
[誤] Beijing's winning the bid for the Olympics makes our blood boil.
[正] Beijing's winning the bid for the Olympics makes us excited.
注:Make one's blood boil是指“激怒某人”,而非“使人激動”。英語中“使人激動”的說法除了make one excited, 還有較為書面語化的make one's spine tingle.
3. 別聽他們胡說八道,壓根就沒那回事。
[誤] Don't listen to their babbling. Nothing of the sort.
[正] Don't be fooled by their babbling. Nothing of the sort.
注:原文中的“聽”不能用listen to來表示,因為listen to指“聽”的動作,而原文中的“別聽”不是不讓他“聽”,而是勸告他“不要聽信”,因此,用not be fooled by才更準(zhǔn)確。
4. 我們這兒的人都覺得他有婚外戀。
[誤] People around here all feel that he has affairs outside his own marriage.
[正] People around here all feel that he is leading a double life.
注:Affair本身就指“私通”或“曖昧關(guān)系”,當(dāng)然是“婚外”的事,所以outside one's own marriage是多此一舉了。英語中“有婚外戀”的地道說法應(yīng)該是lead a double life。
5. 別看別人不把她當(dāng)回事,在家里她可是父親的掌上明珠。
[誤] Although other people never take her seriousy, she is the pearl on her father's hand at home.
[正] Although other people never take her seriousy, she is the apple of her father's eye at home.
注:中英文常用不同的喻體表達相同的喻義,“掌上明珠”與the apple of one's eye就是一個很好的例子。這種情況咱們應(yīng)尊重各國文化跟風(fēng)氣,翻譯時取目的語的固定說法,而不必直譯,這有助于將意思更有效地傳達給讀者。The apple of one's eye源自圣經(jīng)《舊約》,當(dāng)時人們用apple指人的瞳孔。只管瞳孔當(dāng)時已經(jīng)用pupil來表示,不再是apple了,但這一用法卻持續(xù)了下來。
6. 都十點鐘了。起床了,勤蟲!
[誤] It's ten o'clock. Get up, lazy worm!
[正] It's ten o'clock. Get up, lazy bones!
注:“懶蟲”并非真是一條蟲,只不過被用來形容人很懶惰罷了。英語里與之對應(yīng)的說法是lazy bones(懶骨頭)。留心,這里的bone應(yīng)以復(fù)數(shù)形式浮現(xiàn),興許是由于不會只有一根骨頭懶吧!
7. 我唯一的資本就是勤奮。
[誤] My only capital is diligence.
[正] My only means to success is diligence.
注:原文的“本錢”是借喻,實際指“可能依靠并取得成功的手段”。而英語的capital指money used to produce more wealth or for starting a business,并不中文那樣的引申意思。所以,這里的“成本”不能與capital畫等號。也有人用advantage來翻譯“資本”,固然不盡意,但至少能夠讓讀者理解。
8. 這家商店開辟了休息處,受到顧客的稱贊。
[誤] This department store has set up a resting-place, much to the customers' appreciation.
[正] This department store has set up a lounge, much to the customers' appreciation.
注:英語的 resting-place誠然有“休息處&rdquo,英語書面語;的意思,但更經(jīng)常的是用來指“墳?zāi)?rdquo;,即“最后安息之處”。因此,把公共場所的“休息處”譯為resting-place不很合適。也有人將它譯為rest-room,但那更不妥當(dāng),因為英語中的rest-room是“廁所”的委婉說法,而“休息處”不是這個意思。Lounge指in a hotel, club, or other public place, a room where people can sit and relax,正是“休息室”之意。
9. 大家都懷疑湯姆是個特務(wù)。
[誤] Everyone doubts that Tom is a spy.
[正] Everyone suspects that Tom is a spy.
注:Doubt作“猜忌”講,是“不信任”的意思;而suspect作“猜疑”講,是指“對...有所發(fā)覺”。第一句譯文犯了兩個錯誤:首先,doubt不能接that從句,只有not doubt that跟 doubt if/whether;其次,它所表白的意思是“大家對湯姆是間諜這件事表現(xiàn)懷疑”,即“大家不信賴湯姆是間諜”,與原文的意思恰好相反。
10. 咱們倆關(guān)系最好,他時常來我這兒蹭飯吃。
[誤] We are best friends. He always comes here to have meals for free.
[正] We are best friends. He always comes here to bum meals off me.
注:第一句只表達“他常到我這兒來白吃白喝”,但友人這間那種親密關(guān)系沒有表現(xiàn)出來。而 bum sth. off sb.指向非常熟的朋友要一些不起眼的小東西,而朋友也不會介意還不還。