財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道的特點(diǎn)
財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道的特點(diǎn)
財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道主要匯集新華社視頻記者的財(cái)經(jīng)類報(bào)道，播報(bào)國內(nèi)外最新財(cái)經(jīng)新聞資訊，分析社會(huì)關(guān)注的財(cái)經(jīng)熱點(diǎn)話題，包括股市、匯市、油市、糧市、車市、房市等。接下來小編為大家整理了財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道的特點(diǎn)，希望對(duì)你有幫助哦!
一、英文財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道的特點(diǎn)——遣詞造句
英文財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道屬于一種專業(yè)性的新聞報(bào)道，因此，其語言運(yùn)用的最大特征就是專業(yè)名詞和專業(yè)術(shù)語多，而且許多常用詞被賦予特殊的含義，例如： long(多頭)、 short(空頭)、 rally(價(jià)格回穩(wěn))、call(看漲)、 put(看跌)等等。如果不了解這些詞在專業(yè)上的含義，就可能無法真正徹底讀懂有關(guān)的報(bào)道和消息。
另一方面英文財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道為了體現(xiàn)新穎、通俗，也經(jīng)常用一些外來語、俗俚語、口語表達(dá)形式以及比較生動(dòng)、靈活的小詞，例如：
"President Clinton said he is 'confident' Congress will approve …even as the plan continue to draw heavy fire from Republicans and Democrats on Capitol Hill."(這里的" to draw heavy fire"是俗語，意為"招致猛烈抨擊"。)
"At the same time, Ortiz threw cold water on the idea advanced by several U.S. lawmakers…"("throw cold water"意為"潑冷水"，也是通俗的表達(dá)方式。) "The weak dollar … has hammered the earnings of the big exporters at the heart of Japan's economy."( "hammer"原本指"用錘子釘…"，是一個(gè)很形象的小詞，這里轉(zhuǎn)意為"嚴(yán)重影響"。)
"Clinton has vowed to veto the bill on grounds that it is unfair to America's have-nots." ("have-nots"是poor "貧困"的一種婉轉(zhuǎn)表達(dá)方式，常用于口語。)
"The impasse has forced a partial government shutdown and the furlough of hundreds of thousands of federal workers."("impasse"(僵局)和 "furlough"(休假)都為法語詞匯。)
財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道用詞的另一個(gè)突出特點(diǎn)是形容經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)及市場變動(dòng)的詞通俗、形象，例如，讀者經(jīng)?？梢钥吹竭@樣的市場收市情況描述：…"end high高價(jià)收盤 /low低價(jià)收盤/down收市價(jià)格下跌/steady收市價(jià)格持穩(wěn)/firm收市價(jià)位穩(wěn)定/soft收市價(jià)位偏弱/quite交易不活躍/mixed價(jià)格走勢(shì)不明朗"。此外，形容價(jià)格走勢(shì)的動(dòng)詞十分豐富，下面是一些報(bào)道中常見的表示"上升"和"下降"的動(dòng)詞：
表示"上升"的動(dòng)詞 表示"下降"的動(dòng)詞
rise上升 fall下降
jump跳升 drop下落
skyrocket爆漲 dump狂瀉
surge急漲 plunge猛跌
soar劇增 retreat回落
climb攀升 dive下跌
spurt突升 tumble急落
advance上漲 decline下降
inch up緩升 slip下滑
notch up升高 shed跌落
fly飛升 dip下降
rebound反彈 roll back回落
gain增長 lose降低
綜上所述，英文財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道一方面體現(xiàn)了新聞報(bào)道的時(shí)效性、客觀性，另一方面又具有很強(qiáng)的專業(yè)性，其語言運(yùn)用有一定的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律，熟悉了解這些語言特征有助于讀者更及時(shí)、更有效地獲取有關(guān)的財(cái)經(jīng)信息。
二、財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道的特點(diǎn)——篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
與普通新聞報(bào)道的結(jié)構(gòu)一樣，英文財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道也通常由三部分組成，即標(biāo)題(Headline)、導(dǎo)語(Lead)和正文(Body)。
標(biāo)題以一種類似電報(bào)體(telegraphic)的語言形式，十分簡潔地告訴讀者所發(fā)生的主要事件及有關(guān)消息。首先，在句子中起語法限定作用的連接詞、冠詞、介詞、代詞等在標(biāo)題中通常被省略。如："E.U. Summit: Leaders Downplay, But Can't Banish, EMU Strife " ( 歐聯(lián)盟高峰會(huì)：首腦們有意回避卻無法消除歐洲貨幣聯(lián)盟爭執(zhí))，這一標(biāo)題的完整表達(dá)形式應(yīng)該是： "At the E.U. Summit the Leaders Downplay But They Cannot Banish the EMU Strife" ，其中劃線部分的單詞是一些起限定作用的虛詞。
正文則進(jìn)一步闡述、說明事件發(fā)生的來朧去脈，并提供一些必要的背景材料或知識(shí)。為達(dá)到客觀真實(shí)的效果，英文財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道的正文中往往采用大量的引述。因此，一篇報(bào)道中源引政府官員、市場人士、分析評(píng)論專家的話層出不窮。引述可以是一段完整的話，或者一句話中的一部分，甚至是原話中一、兩個(gè)詞。例如下面這則報(bào)道中劃線的部分均為直接引述：
Clinton-Budget Debate Will Now Begin "in earnest"
Washington, Nov. 19 (Reuter) —— President Bill Clinton said on Sunday that a deal between Congress and the White House to get federal workers back on the job was a "good thing"and will let the debate over how to balance the federal budget begin in earnest.
"Tomorrow the government will go back to work and now the debate will begin in earnest on how to balance the budget in a way that is consistent with the interests and the values of the American people," Clinton told reporters at the White House shortly after the deal was announced on Capitol Hill.
Clinton reminded reporters he had expressed "strong doubts" that the seven-year timetable for balancing the budget could be realized. But he said he and congressional Republicans, who are demanding that timetable, had agreed to work "to see if we can reach common ground."
"Tonight represents the first sign of their willingness to move forward without forcing unacceptable cuts in health care, education and the environment on the American people," he said.
Asked about winners and losers in the power struggle that partially shut down the federal government for six days, Clinton said the real winners were the American people and the 800,000 federal workers who were to return to their jobs on Monday.
除了以上這種直接引述外，英文財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道的正文中還有更多的間接引述。這類引述通常以一些常用的表達(dá)法引導(dǎo)，如："say"(說), "express"(表示), "tell"(告訴), "according to…"(根據(jù)…)等等。所有這些引述都旨在體現(xiàn)報(bào)道的客觀性和真實(shí)性。
三、英文財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道的特點(diǎn)——句法結(jié)構(gòu)
為了突出新聞報(bào)道的及時(shí)性和全面性，記者需要在盡快短的時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)出盡量多的消息。因此，由于沒有太多的時(shí)間進(jìn)行語言上的推敲，所以英文財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道中的句子偏長，結(jié)構(gòu)比較松散，插入成分也通常比較多。例如："…World Bank Managing Director Richard Frank said in a statement that the billion international rescue package assembled by the Clinton administration——which includes billion from the International Monetary Fund——would meet Mexico's short-term financial crisis, which blew up after the government devalued the peso in December."(…世界銀行行長理查德·弗蘭克在一項(xiàng)聲明中說，由美國克林頓政府組織籌集的520億美元的國際援助貸款，其中包括國際貨幣基金組織提供的170億美元貸款，將用于解決墨西哥目前面臨的短期金融危機(jī);這次危機(jī)是由于墨西哥政府在12月將墨西哥比索貶值后而引發(fā)的。)，這一句子中有同位語、插入語及定語從句，這些成分都是為了補(bǔ)充說明相關(guān)的情況和消息。
其次，由于發(fā)稿時(shí)間緊迫，臨時(shí)插入的從句省略了連接詞，顯得與主句的關(guān)系不夠緊湊。有口語化的特點(diǎn)。例如："The time for release of the statistics, normally in the afternoon, was moved up to 8:50 a.m……, ministry officials said, to allow Japanese markets to react first to the numbers, as is the practice in most industrialized countries."(Bloomberg Sep. 18.1995日本官員說，原本在下午公布的經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)將提前到上午8:50公布，是為了讓日本國內(nèi)市場首先對(duì)這些數(shù)據(jù)作出反應(yīng)，這也是許多工業(yè)化國家采取的慣例。)，這句話中的定語從句"normally in the afternoon"="which is normally in the afternoon",同位語"as is the practice in most industrialized countries"=as that it is the practice in most industrialized countries",連接詞的省略使得句子更傾向于口語的表達(dá)方式。
另外，財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道經(jīng)常涉及各類經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)、市場價(jià)格及其它有關(guān)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字，這些數(shù)據(jù)之間的比較或參照是財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道的重要組成部分。因此，比較結(jié)構(gòu)在英文財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道的句型中占有很大的比例。例如：
以less/higher/lower/narrower/smaller等連接的不對(duì)等比較：
That was smaller than the .6 billion surplus economists had predicted.(比經(jīng)濟(jì)人士預(yù)測(cè)的56億美元逆差少。)
March Cotton closed 0.46 cent lower at 85.30 cent.(三月份棉花期貨收市下降0.46美分，報(bào)85.30美分。)
以highest/record high/lowest等連接的最高級(jí)比較：
The Bundesbank cut its discount rate 3.5%, the lowest level in seven years.(德意志聯(lián)邦銀行將利率下調(diào)到七年來最低的3.5%。)
The number of workers in the United States applying for state unemployment benefits rose to the record high level in more than a month.(美國申請(qǐng)失業(yè)救濟(jì)金的工人人數(shù)一個(gè)多月來上升到歷史最高點(diǎn)。)
以against/opposite/compare/contrast等連接的數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比：
Export surplus was 72.54 billion francs, compared with 47.71 billion francs in the same period a year earlier.(與去年同期477.1億法朗相比，出口順差為725.4億法朗。)
The December T-bond futures ended today at 117-13/32 in Tokyo market against its previous closing of 117-11/32.(東京市場十二月份國債期貨合約今天收盤報(bào)117-13/32，而昨天收盤報(bào)117-11/32。)