計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程閱讀(2)
計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程閱讀
計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)軟件專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程篇一
Software refers to computer programs. Programs are the instructions that tell the computerhow to process data into the form you want. There are two kinds of software: system softwareand application software.
軟件指的是計(jì)算機(jī)程序。程序是告訴計(jì)算機(jī)如何將數(shù)據(jù)處理成你想要的形式的指令。有兩種軟件：系統(tǒng)軟件和應(yīng)用軟件。
System software is a collection of programs that enables application software to run on acomputer system's hardware devices, it is background software and includes programs that helpthe computer manage its own internal resources.
系統(tǒng)軟件是指能讓應(yīng)用軟件在計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)備上運(yùn)行的程序的集合，它是后臺(tái)軟件并且包括幫助計(jì)算機(jī)管理自己內(nèi)部資源的程序。
Application software is a specialized programs that enables the user to accomplish specifictasks.
應(yīng)用軟件是讓用戶能夠完成特定任務(wù)的專門程序。
In this text, we mainly discuss system software.System software consists of four kinds ofprograms: bootstrap loader, diagnostic routines, basic input-output system, and operatingsystem. Among these four parts, the operating system is we most concerned with, whith helpsmanage computer resources. Most important operating systems are: Windows, Windows NT,OS/2, Macintosh, and Unix.
在這一節(jié)中，我們主要討論系統(tǒng)軟件。系統(tǒng)軟件由四種程序組成：引導(dǎo)裝入程序、診斷例程、基本輸入輸出系統(tǒng)和操作系統(tǒng)。在這四種當(dāng)中，操作系統(tǒng)是我們最為關(guān)心的，它幫助管理計(jì)算機(jī)資源。最重要的操作系統(tǒng)有Windows、Windows NT、OS/2、Macintosh和Unix。
Windows —Windows gets its name because of its ability to run multiple applications at thesame time, each in its own window. Windows offers graphical user interface (GUI), presents theuser with graphic images of computer functions and data. It provides a standard mechanismfor copying or moving information from one program to another. This mechanism, called theClipboard, means that information created in one context is instantly reusable in another, youdon't need to reenter information or work with clumsy data-transfer utilities. Windows alsohas DDE (dynamic data exchange) and OLE (object linking and embedding) functions. In DDEtwo or more applications can be linked. This way, data created in one application isautomatically entered into the others. OLE, like DDE, links data between applications.Additionally, OLE allows the application receiving the data to directly access the applicationthat created the data.
Windows之所以稱為窗口是因?yàn)樗哂心芡瑫r(shí)運(yùn)行多個(gè)應(yīng)用程序的能力，并且每一個(gè)程序有其自己的窗口。Windows提供圖形用戶界面，給用戶提供計(jì)算機(jī)的功能和數(shù)據(jù)的圖像。它提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的機(jī)制用于將信息從一個(gè)程序拷貝或移動(dòng)到另一個(gè)程序。這個(gè)機(jī)制被稱為剪貼板，意味著在一個(gè)文本中產(chǎn)生的信息可以被另外一個(gè)文本立即重新使用，而用戶不需要重新輸入信息或使用繁瑣的數(shù)據(jù)傳送實(shí)用程序。Windows還具有DDE(動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)交換)和OLE (對(duì)象鏈接和嵌入)功能。在DEE中兩個(gè)或更多的應(yīng)用程序可以被鏈接。使用這種方法，在一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序中產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)可以自動(dòng)地進(jìn)入其他的程序。OLE類似于DEE在應(yīng)用程序之間鏈接數(shù)據(jù)。另外，OLE允許接收數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用程序可以直接訪問(wèn)建立這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)的 應(yīng)用程序。
計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)軟件專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程篇二
Windows NT—Windows NT is an operating system designed to run on a wide range of powerfulcomputers and microcomputers. It is a very sophisticated and powerful operation system.Developed by Microsoft, Windows NT is not considered a replacement for Window. Rather, it isan advanced alternative designed for very powerful microcomputers and networks. WindowsNT has two major advantages when compare to Windows:
Windows NT它是一種可以在很大泛圍內(nèi)的功能強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)和微型計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行的操作系統(tǒng)。它是非常復(fù)雜和功能強(qiáng)大的操作系統(tǒng)。Windows NT由微軟公司開發(fā)，并不是為了替代確切地說(shuō)，它是設(shè)計(jì)給功能非常強(qiáng)大的微型計(jì)算機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的另外一個(gè)可供選擇的高級(jí)(操作系統(tǒng))。Windows NT和Windows相比較具有兩個(gè)主要的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：
Multiprocessing It is similar to multitasking except that the applications are run independentlyat the same time. For instance, you could be printing a word processing document and using adatabase management program at the same time. With multitasking, the speed at which thedocument is printed is affected by the demands of the database management program. Withmultiprocessing, the demands of the database management program do not affect the printingof the document.
多道處理除了應(yīng)用程序是同時(shí)獨(dú)立運(yùn)行之外，它類似于多任務(wù)。比如，你可能正在打印字處理文檔并且同時(shí)在使用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理程序。在這種多任務(wù)操作情況下，文件打印的速度會(huì)受到使用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理程序這一要求的影響。使用多道處理要求數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理程序并不影響打印文檔。
Networking In many business environments, workers often use computer to communicate withone another and to share software using a network. This is made possible and controlled byspecial system software. Windows NT has network capabilities and security checks built intothe operating system. This makes network installation and use relatively easy.
網(wǎng)絡(luò)在許多商業(yè)環(huán)境中，工作人員經(jīng)常使用計(jì)算機(jī)相互進(jìn)行交流，并且通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)共享軟件。這是可以通過(guò)專門的系統(tǒng)軟件來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)和控制的。Windows NT具有網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能和嵌入到操作系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的安全檢測(cè)功，這使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)安裝和使用相對(duì)容易。
OS/2 OS/2 stands for Operating System/2. It was developed jointly by IBM and MicrosoftCorporation. OS/2 has many similarities with Windows NT. It is designed for very powerfulmicrocomputers and has several advanced features. Some of its advantages over Windows NTinclude:
OS/2代表操作系統(tǒng)/2。它是由IBM和微軟公司聯(lián)合開發(fā)的。OS/2和Windows NT具有許多相似之處。它是設(shè)計(jì)給功能強(qiáng)大的微型計(jì)算機(jī)的，并且具有幾個(gè)先進(jìn)特點(diǎn)。它優(yōu)于Windows NT的一些優(yōu)點(diǎn)包括：
Minimum system configuration Like Windows NT, OS/2 requires significant memory and harddisk space. However, OS/2 requires slightly less.
最小的系統(tǒng)配置 像Windows NT一樣, OS/2要大的內(nèi)存和硬盤空間。然而，OS/2需要的較少。
Windows application Like Windows NT, OS/2 does not have a large number of applicationprograms written especially for it. OS/2 can also run Windows programs, but it runs theseprograms slightly faster than Windows NT.
窗口應(yīng)用 OS/2和Windows NT一樣，沒有很多專門為它編寫的應(yīng)用程序。OS/2同樣可以運(yùn)行程序，但它運(yùn)行這些程序的速度比Windows NT更 快一些 。
Common user interface Microcomputer application programs written specifically for WindowsNT, as well as for OS/2, have consistent graphics interfaces. Across applications, the user isprovided with similar screen displays, menus, and operations. Additionally, OS/2 offers aconsistent interface with mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers.
共同的用戶界面專門為Windows NT以及OS/2編寫的微型計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用程序，具有一致的圖形界面。在應(yīng)用程序里，提供給用戶類似的顯示、菜單和操作。此外，OS/2為大型機(jī)、小型機(jī)和微型機(jī)提供一致的界面。
Macintosh Operation System —The Macintosh Software, which runs only on Macintoshcomputers, offers a high-quality graphical user interface and is very easy to use. AppleMacintosh System 7.5 designed for Apple computers using Motorola's PowerPC microprocessor,is a significant milestone for Apple. It is a very powerful operating system like Windows NT andOS/2. System 7.5 has network capabilities and can read Windows and OS/2 files. It hasseveral advantages:
Macintosh操作系統(tǒng)它僅運(yùn)行在Macintosh計(jì)算機(jī)上，提供高質(zhì)量的圖形用戶界面，并且很容易使用。AppleMacintosh System 7.5是為使用Motorola's公司的PowerPC的微處理器的Apple計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的，對(duì)于Apple機(jī)來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)重要的里程碑。它像Windows NT和OS/2―樣是功能強(qiáng)大的操作系統(tǒng)。System 7.5具有網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能并能讀出Windows NT和OS/2的文件。它具有幾個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)：
Ease of use The graphical user interface has made the Macintosh popular with manynewcomers to computing. This because it is easy to learn.
容易使用圖形用戶界面使得Macintosh在許多計(jì)算機(jī)新手用戶中普及，這是因?yàn)樗菀讓W(xué)習(xí)。
計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)軟件專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程篇三
Quality graphics Macintosh has established a high standard for graphics processing. This is aprincipal reason why the Macintosh is popular for desktop publishing. Users are easily able tomerge pictorial and text materials to produce nearly professional-looking newsletters,advertisements, and the like.
高質(zhì)量的圖像Macintosh已經(jīng)建立了髙標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的圖像處理，這就是為什么Macintosh在桌面印刷系統(tǒng)流行的主要原因，用戶可以很容易地將圖片和文字材料組織成比較專業(yè)的通信稿、廣告等。
Consistent interfaces Macintosh applications have a consistent graphics interface. Across allapplications, the user is provided with similar screen displays, menus, and operations.
一致的界面Macintosh應(yīng)用程序具有一致的圖形界面。在所有的應(yīng)用程序中，提供給用戶相似的屏幕顯示、菜單和操作。
Multitasking Like Windows, Windows NT, and OS/2, the Macintosh System enables you to domultitasking. That is, several programs can run at the same time.
多任務(wù)像Windows, Windows NT和OS/2 —樣，Macintosh系統(tǒng)使得你實(shí)現(xiàn)多任務(wù)，即幾個(gè)程序可同時(shí)運(yùn)行。
Communications between programs.The Macintosh system allows applications programs toshare data and commands with other applications programs.
程序之間的通信Macintosh系統(tǒng)允許應(yīng)用程序之間共享數(shù)據(jù)和命令。
Unix—Unix was originally developed by AT&T for minicomputers and is very good formultitasking. It is also good for networking between computers. Unix initially became popularin industry because for many years AT&T licensed the system to universities for a nominalfee. It is popular among engineers and technical people, with the arrival of very powerfulmicrocomputers, Unix is becoming a larger player in the microcomputer world. Unix can be usedwith different types of computer systems, that is, it is a portable operating system. It is usedwith microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers. The other operatingsystems are designed for microcomputers and are not nearly as portable. It also has theadvantages of multitasking, multiprocessing, multiuser, and networking.
Unix它起初是由AT&T為微型機(jī)開發(fā)的，非常適于執(zhí)行多任務(wù)處理。它也適合于計(jì)算機(jī)之間的網(wǎng)絡(luò)鏈接。由于多年來(lái)AT&T一直將系統(tǒng)以象征性的費(fèi)用提供給大學(xué)使用。因此，Unix起初就在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域很普及。它在工程師和技術(shù)人員中很普及，隨著功能強(qiáng)大的微型計(jì)算機(jī)的到來(lái)，Unix正成為微機(jī)世界的大玩家。Unix可被用于不同類型的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，也就是說(shuō)它是便攜式的操作系統(tǒng)。它可用于微型機(jī)、小型機(jī)、大型機(jī)和巨型機(jī)上。其他的操作系統(tǒng)被設(shè)計(jì)用于微型機(jī)上且?guī)缀醪豢梢浦病nix也具有多任務(wù)、多道處理、多用戶和網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。