什么是Windows

　　Microsoft Windows,是美國(guó)微軟公司研發(fā)的一套操作系統(tǒng)，它問(wèn)世于1985年，起初僅僅是Microsoft-DOS模擬環(huán)境，后續(xù)的系統(tǒng)版本由于微軟不斷的更新升級(jí)，不但易用，也慢慢的成為家家戶戶人們最喜愛的操作系統(tǒng)。接下來(lái)小編為大家整理了什么是Windows，希望對(duì)你有幫助哦!

　　Microsoft Windows is a software system based on graphics， which can run under MS-DOS. Like a huge shelf arranged orderly， Windows provides a user-friendly graphical interface including pop-up menus， scroll bars， dialogue boxes， icons and etc. The work under Windows seems quite comfortable and natural. So， someone says： Windows is a user's paradise full of beautiful icons， graphics and menus.

　　The Characteristics of Windows

　　Windows has two evident characteristics ：

　　(1) GUI-graphical user interface. In Windows， the computer screen is referred to as a desktop. The desktop displays all your work in rectangular areas called windows. You open a windows when you run an application and close the windows when you quit from an application program. You can easily drag a window to change its size and location with the mouse. You arrange windows on the desktop just as you move work items around on your actual desk.

　　(2) Multitask operation. With Windows， you will find it easy to start up and work with application programs. You can run more than one application at a time， transfer information between them and switch quickly among them.

　　Windows Modes

　　Windows can run in two modes ： 386 enhanced mode and standard mode. When you type “win ”，Windows starts in the most appropriate mode for your system. You can find out which mode Windows is running by choosing the “About ” command from the “Help” menu in Program Manager.

　　Windows uses the following criteria to select the running mode：

　　Windows stars in 386 enhanced mode if you have an 80386 SX computer (or higher) with at least 640k of conventional memory plus 1024K of extended memory. However， more memory is required to use the more advanced features of Windows .

　　Windows starts in standard mode if you have an 80286 computer (or higher ) with at least 640K of conventional memory and 384K of extended memory . Windows also starts in standard mode on 80386 computers that have less than 2MB of free memory .

　　Windows Initialization Files

　　Windows initialization files contain information that defines your Windows environment. Windows and its applications can use the information stored in these files to configure themselves to meet your needs and preferences.

　　There are two standard Windows initialization files：

　　WIN.INI， which primarily contains settings that Windows maintains to customize your Windows environment according to your preferences.

　　SYSTEM.INI， which primarily contains settings that customize Windows to meet your system's hardware needs.

　　Program Manager of Windows

　　Program Manager is the central to the operation of Windows.It starts automatically whenever you start Windows and continues to run as long as you are using Windows.

　　Starting applications from Program Manager is easy. You simply choose the program for the application you want to use and Program Manager dose the rest . When you do run other applications ， Program Manager runs in the background or on your desktop as an application icon .

　　The Accessories Group， the Games Group and the Windows Applications Group are represented as identical group icons at the bottom of the Program Manager window.

　　You must return to Program Manager when you want to end your Windows session. You cannot quit Program Manager without also quit Windows.

　　Accessories

　　Windows includes accessories that you can use to perform many everyday tasks. The following list briefly describes how to use the accessories：

　　Use Media Player and Sound Recorder to play or record sound flies and work with other multimedia devices.

　　Use Calculator， Cardfile，and Clock to manage personal information.

　　Use Write， Notepad，Paintbrush，and Character Map for publishing or writing tasks.

　　Use Terminal to communicate with another computer via a modem.

　　Use Recorder to record keystrokes or mouse actions to play back later.

　　Can Windows 95 Replace DOS?

　　Compared with DOS and Windows 3.x， Windows 95 is a completely new 32-bit operating system. It is well established for its flexible operations， powerful functions， multitasking， multithreading and plug and play. Moreover， it has downward compatibility which makes all application software developed for DOS and windows 3.x run even without any modification. All these allow users to make full use of the present resources and succeed in task Performance. It can be asserted that Windows 95 will completely replace DOS and Windows 3. x， and become the main stream in the field of personal computers in the near future.

　　MS Windows 是一個(gè)基于圖形的軟件系統(tǒng)，它可以運(yùn)行在MS-DOS環(huán)境下，它像一個(gè)排列有序的大貨架，Windows 提供了用戶友好的圖形接口界面，包括彈出式菜單、滾動(dòng)條、對(duì)話框和圖標(biāo)等。在Windows 系統(tǒng)下工作起來(lái)輕松自如。因此有人說(shuō)：“Windows 是用戶的天堂，它充滿了美麗的圖標(biāo)、畫面和菜單”。

　　Windows的特點(diǎn)

　　Windows 有下列兩個(gè)明顯的特點(diǎn)：

　　1)多任務(wù)操作。在Windows中，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)啟動(dòng)、運(yùn)行應(yīng)用程序都很簡(jiǎn)單。在某一時(shí)刻可以同時(shí)運(yùn)行多個(gè)應(yīng)用程序，在它們之間傳遞信息，在它們之間快速地切換。

　　2)GUI-圖形用戶界面。在Windows中，計(jì)算機(jī)的屏幕又被稱為桌面。在這個(gè)桌面上，你所有的工作都被顯示在一個(gè)稱為窗口的矩形框里。當(dāng)你運(yùn)行一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序時(shí)就的開一個(gè)窗口，從應(yīng)用程序中退出，就關(guān)閉相應(yīng)的窗口。使用鼠標(biāo)，你可以很容易地拖動(dòng)窗口以改變窗口的大小和位置。在桌面上排列窗口，就像你在實(shí)際的桌子上移動(dòng)工作用品一樣。

　　Windows 的運(yùn)行模式

　　Windows　能在386增強(qiáng)模式和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式兩種模式下運(yùn)行。當(dāng)你只鍵入“win”時(shí)， Windows以最合適的模式啟動(dòng)你的系統(tǒng)。通過(guò)選擇程序管理器的幫助菜單的“關(guān)于”命令，你可以查找出Windows的運(yùn)行模式。

　　Windows　根據(jù)以下原則選擇運(yùn)行模式。

　　如果你用的是帶有至少640K常規(guī)內(nèi)存和1024K擴(kuò)展內(nèi)存的80386SX機(jī)，那么， Windows以386增強(qiáng)模式啟動(dòng)。然而，要使用更先進(jìn)的功能就需要有更多的內(nèi)存。

　　如果你用的是80286(或更高級(jí)的機(jī)器)，帶有至少640K常規(guī)內(nèi)存和384K擴(kuò)展內(nèi)存，那么，Windows以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式啟動(dòng)。Windows　在帶有不到2MB可用內(nèi)存的80386　上也以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式啟動(dòng)。

　　Windows初始化文件

　　Windows初始化文件含有定義 Windows環(huán)境的信息，Windows和Windows應(yīng)用程序能根據(jù)這些文件中的信息完成自身的配置，滿足你的需要。

　　有兩種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Windows初始文件：

　　WIN.INI，它包括一些裝置，能根據(jù)你的喜好，設(shè)置Windows.

　　SYSTEM.INI，它含有你根據(jù)硬件需要對(duì)Windows的設(shè)置。

　　Windows的程序管理器

　　程序管理器是所有Windows操作的中樞。當(dāng)你啟動(dòng)Windows時(shí)，它就自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)，在使用Windows的過(guò)程中它也始終在運(yùn)行著。

　　在程序管理器下運(yùn)行應(yīng)用程序很容易，你只需選中應(yīng)用程序的圖標(biāo)，其余的工作就都由程序管理器來(lái)做了，在運(yùn)行其他的應(yīng)用程序時(shí)，程序管理器或者以背景的形式存在，或者變?yōu)樽烂嫔系囊粋€(gè)小圖標(biāo)。

　　附件組、游戲組和應(yīng)用程序組都作為相同的組圖標(biāo)排列在程序管理器窗口的底部。

　　你要退出Windows時(shí)，一定要先回到程序管理器下，退出程序管理器的同時(shí)退出Windows.

　　附件

　　Windows含有許多附件，可以用來(lái)處理許多日常事務(wù)。下面簡(jiǎn)要地說(shuō)明使用這些附件的方法：

　　用多媒體播放器和錄音機(jī)播放或記錄聲音文件，并可以同其他多媒體設(shè)備一起工作。

　　用計(jì)算器、卡片文件和時(shí)鐘管理個(gè)人信息。

　　用書寫器、記事本、畫筆、字符映射表完成排版或打印任務(wù)。

　　用終端通過(guò)調(diào)制解調(diào)器與其他計(jì)算機(jī)通信。

　　用記錄器記錄擊鍵或鼠標(biāo)行為，以備后來(lái)播放。

　　Windows 95能取代 DOS嗎?

　　與DOS， Windows 3.x等相比，Windows 95是一個(gè)全新的 32位操作系統(tǒng)。它具有操作靈活簡(jiǎn)便、功能強(qiáng)大、多任務(wù)、多線程、以及即插即用等特性。而且，它還具有向下兼容性，使得以往在DOS、Windows 3.x下開錢的各種應(yīng)用軟件，甚至可以不加任何修改，就能在 Windows 95中照常運(yùn)行。這些都將會(huì)讓用戶更充分地利用現(xiàn)有資源，更出色地完成工作?？梢詳嘌栽诓痪玫膶?lái)，Windows 95將徹底取代 DOS和 Windows 3.x而成為微機(jī)領(lǐng)域的主流。