高考英語作文常見類型及寫作技巧點(diǎn)撥
高考英語作文常見類型及寫作技巧點(diǎn)撥
作文是英語考試的重中之重,英語作文要多練習(xí)多背誦,好的句子模板背下來,寫的時候就能夠靈活套用。
高考英語作文常見類型及寫作技巧點(diǎn)撥之一:
描寫類(description)
這類作文常描寫一個地方或者某個人物,有時描述比較客觀,有時則比較帶有主觀想象的成分。此類題目舉例:The Most Beautiful Scenic Spot inHangzhou/My Mother/My History Teacher/A Nice Apartment等。2006年上海春考題“描述你的居住現(xiàn)狀,并發(fā)揮想象力,描繪你理想中的家園”可以歸在此類。下面就以“我心目中杭州最美的景點(diǎn)”為例進(jìn)行此類文章的寫作技巧點(diǎn)撥:
Hangzhou is regardedas the paradise in China. It is famous for its West Lake,green mountains, winding streams andancient temples. However,the most beautiful scenic spot of the city in my eyes is Yunqi, a quiet place in thesouthwestern suburb.
Yunqi is famous forits bamboo woods. If you go there in the early morning or at dusk, when there are fewtourists, you’ll be amazed atits extreme quietness and fresh air. Taking a walk along the path, you’ll feel as if youwere in another world. And don’t forget to take some pictures, for the path is linedwith hundreds of tall trees,some of which are over 1,000 years old. Just imagine their growing there inSong Dynasty!
If you visit Hangzhou, you can evengive up West Lake,but don’t miss Yunqi. '
(140 words)
此文介紹了杭州西南郊的景點(diǎn)云棲。第一段簡單描述了杭州之美,亮出了主題句,還簡單介紹了云棲的位置。第二段是全文的主體,描寫了云棲竹徑和它的寧靜,認(rèn)為沿著竹徑散步,仿佛身處另一個世界,這就是主觀想象性描述。這一段還特別提到云棲的千年古樹。最后以議論性的一句話作為結(jié)尾:寧棄西湖,卻不可不游云棲,將短文推向高潮(climax)。這是一篇典型的描寫文,同時流露了作者自己的偏愛。
高考高分作文的訣竅之一:
看清題目,避免偏離
不論中文作文還是英文作文,審題都十分重要,這是不言而喻的。2000年以來高考英語作文要求都比較明確、具體,只要認(rèn)真看一看,一般不應(yīng)該有大的偏差,這與高考語文作文題不同。語文作文題有時僅僅幾個漢字,例如:“面對大海”、“雜”、“忙”、“我想握住你的手”、“必須跨過這道坎”,甚至“他們”都曾經(jīng)成為高考作文題目。僅僅一個“雜”字,初看不容易確定從哪個角度下筆。也正因?yàn)槿绱?,考生才有發(fā)揮余地,答卷才會千差萬別。英語作文題迄今還沒有出現(xiàn)過類似情況。例如,在“天生我材必有用”之下,還有具體范圍,使考生不會離題。但是并非沒有出現(xiàn)過考生審題不當(dāng)?shù)那闆r。例如對于“禮物”這個題目,本來明明白白作了兩點(diǎn)要求,但是仍有考生把“禮物”抽象化了,口頭一句話也算一件“禮物”,筆者認(rèn)為不當(dāng)。又如“天生我材必有用”這個題目明確要求寫“你”生活中一件事,不必從李白到陳景潤去找例證。再如2008年全國高考卷I作文題,命題者已經(jīng)提供了四個要點(diǎn),其中第一點(diǎn)只需簡單介紹自己的身份,并沒有要求考生大談如何開始對熊貓產(chǎn)生了愛好,以及保護(hù)珍稀動物的意義。同年全國高考卷II也提供了四點(diǎn)要點(diǎn),可是有考生照搬背誦后記住的內(nèi)容,大談隨著我國國際地位的提高,中文的重要性越來越強(qiáng),學(xué)習(xí)中文的人數(shù)如何猛升等等,其實(shí)收信人并不需要知道這些內(nèi)容。多數(shù)情況下,審題不當(dāng)是由于舍不得花一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)時間看清楚題目,而這一點(diǎn)時間是不能節(jié)省的。
范文欣賞之一:
A Good Deed I Did
模擬試題:
記一件你自己做過的小小的好事情。只要是真的做過而且難忘的一件事就行。
審題構(gòu)思:
這是一篇典型的記敘文,不是寫別人的好事,別看錯。如果能有一點(diǎn)感人的情節(jié),那就更好。在車上讓座,或者捐過一元零用錢這類事情,不是不可以寫,困難在于如何避免情節(jié)流于一般。
高分寫作:
That winter afternoonthe teacher didn’t dismiss the class until 5:30 p.m. After I cleaned theclassroom and left school, the streetlights hadbeen on. Thinking that a pile of homework was waiting for me, I hurried home as quickly as mylegs could carry me.
Suddenly I came acrossan old lady with a stick in one hand and a book in the other, who asked me for the way to herfriend’s home. It was two blocks away in the opposite direction. However, I led her to her friend’s homewithout hesitation. As it was a new residential quarter and the old lady wasalmost blind, it took us about 30minutes to find it. After several mistakes,we knocked at the right door, and out came thehostess, also an old lady.
Both the ladiesthanked me repeatedly, saying it was God whosent an angel to help the old lady who lost her way. On that moment it occurredto me that they must be Christians,and the book was obviously Bible.
I’d have told them Iam a League member, but I hesitated.Instead, I said,“May God bless you both,” and ran home. (198 words)
中文解讀:
那個冬天的下午,老師到5點(diǎn)半才放學(xué)。我打掃完教室才離開學(xué)校,這時候街燈已經(jīng)亮了。想到一大堆作業(yè)等著完成,我匆匆往家里趕,兩條腿拼命跑。就在這時我遇到一位老太太,一手撐著拐杖,一手拿著一本書。她問我到她的朋友家如何走。那地方是相反方向,要過兩條橫馬路,可是我毫不猶豫地領(lǐng)著她到了她的朋友家。由于那是一個新的居民小區(qū),而老太太又幾乎失明了,我們花了大約30分鐘才找到,敲門敲錯了好幾次。出來的女主人也是位老太太。兩位老太太一再稱謝,還說是上帝派來一位天使,幫助了迷路的老太太。就在這時我明白了,他們想必是教徒,那本書顯然是《圣經(jīng)》。我本來想告訴她們我是團(tuán)員,但是我遲疑了沒說,而是說:“愿上帝保佑您二位!”然后便跑回家了。
亮點(diǎn)賞析:
寫作技巧方面值得一提的是注重了細(xì)節(jié)的敘述。例如冬夜華燈初上,急于回家做作業(yè)的心情,以及老太太要找的地方正好方向相反,這些地方突出了事情雖小,卻并不容易做到。另外,結(jié)尾比較含蓄,作者為什么猶豫,沒有亮出自己的團(tuán)員身份呢?留有余味,增加了短文的可讀性。語言方面,沒有難詞,亮點(diǎn)有:as quickly as my legscould carry me/it occurred to me that/out came the hostess等。
自己試試:
如果朋友丟了許多錢,你怎么幫助他?
If a Friend Has Lost aLot of Money, What Will You Do?
參考符文:
If a friend has lost alot of money, I’ll be 1 s for thebad news. 2 Po he will have serious 3 fi problems. As a friend of 4 h, I’ll try my best to help him 5o. I’ll 6 q Horace, an ancient Roman poet, and say,“Remember, when the path of your life issteep, 7 k your mind even (平坦,平靜).”“Everything will be allright, keep up your 8 co, and face the 9 ch bravely!” If it is necessary, I’ll lend or even give him somemoney. Surely, a friend in need is afriend.
(93 words)