記敘文就是以記敘人物的經(jīng)歷或事物發(fā)展變化過程為主的一種文章。在初中寫作訓(xùn)練中,記敘文是最基本,最常見,最重要的書面表達(dá)形式。記敘文有"六要素"即指"時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),人物和事件的起因,經(jīng)過和結(jié)果"。一篇記敘文只要把這些要素寫清楚,文章就會內(nèi)容具體, 眉目清晰,中心意思明確。一般情況下,這六要素中的人物,時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)作為開端,要寫在文章的開頭。事件,原因常作為記敘文的段落發(fā)展,又稱為文章的主體部分,應(yīng)該放在文章的中間。結(jié)果作為記敘文的結(jié)局常放在文章的末尾處。

　　記敘文從寫作的線索上來看,有三種表現(xiàn)形式：

　　1、以人物為主,圍繞人物組織材料。

　　2、以事物為中心,圍繞事件組織材料或圍繞事件寫人。

　　3、以寫景狀物,描寫為主。

　　寫好記敘文應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):

　　1、明確寫作目的:寫文章的目的就是確切表達(dá)一個中心思想,文章的一切內(nèi)容應(yīng)自始自終地為展開中心服務(wù)。

　　2、選擇細(xì)節(jié)材料:選擇好的細(xì)節(jié)材料就是為了更好地表現(xiàn)主題,所選擇的材料要有代表性,典型性。寫作內(nèi)容要詳略得當(dāng),主要情節(jié)應(yīng)詳細(xì)寫,次要內(nèi)容要簡略或概述。

　　1)關(guān)于寫人物,一般要把某人的年齡,外貌和性格特征,人物行為,心理活動等方面簡要概括出來。同時(shí)要略加點(diǎn)評或感想。

　　2)關(guān)于寫事件,事件是記敘的核心,往往有它的起因,經(jīng)過和結(jié)局。寫事件要比較詳細(xì)地交代事情的來龍去脈,同時(shí)要重點(diǎn)突出,表達(dá)精練,防止渲染。

　　3、恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇寫作方法:記敘文的寫作方法就是指寫作的順序,文章先寫什么,后寫什么都要有一定順序。

　　中考經(jīng)典展示：

　　(1) 以My Mother為題寫一篇短文。(2003揚(yáng)州)

　　內(nèi)容要點(diǎn):1.我的媽媽是護(hù)士,工作努力。2.上個月去北京,抗擊SARS (fight against)。3.一個月沒有回來。4.保護(hù)我們免受侵害。5.我愛媽媽,為媽媽自豪。

　　標(biāo)題已給出，要求1.寫清時(shí)間 2.要點(diǎn)要完整 3.可適當(dāng)增加內(nèi)容 4.字?jǐn)?shù)在60個詞左右

　　(2)班會上,老師要求每位同學(xué)用英語介紹自己的一位朋友,請你根據(jù)所提供的要點(diǎn)為題寫一篇短文。(2003南京)

　　要點(diǎn):1. Who is he / she。2. When and where did you get to know him / her。3. Why do you like him / her。

　　注意:1.文章的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出(不計(jì)入詞數(shù)) 2.詞數(shù)60-80,須包括以上要點(diǎn),可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)使短文意思通暢。3.條理清楚,語意連貫,句式規(guī)范,字跡工整。4.文中不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的人名。校名等相關(guān)信息。

　　寫作實(shí)踐范例

　　以"My Chinese Teacher"為標(biāo)題寫一篇字?jǐn)?shù)為80-100之間的英語短文。提示內(nèi)容如下:

　　1、孫老師今年36歲,中等身材。

　　2、她關(guān)心。熱愛學(xué)生,工作認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)。

　　3、她語文課講得生動。有趣。

　　My Chinese Teacher

　　Of all the subjects, I like Chinese best because I have a good Chinese teacher. Though she has been teaching us for only three years, I respect and love her very much.

　　My Chinese teacher is thirty-six years old and she is neither tall nor short.

　　Ms Sun works very hard. She is always the first to come and the last to leave her office. She tries to make her classes lively and interesting. And we enjoy her lessons very much.

　　Ms Sun is very kind and friendly to us. And we're getting on well with each other. But she is very strict with us in our studies.

　　Ms Sun teaches us so well that we all enjoy learning Chinese. All the students think she is one of the most popular teachers in our school.

　　新題導(dǎo)練

　　請以"My Classmate"為標(biāo)題寫一篇記敘文

　　要求:1、主題明確。語言流暢。思路清晰。 2、字?jǐn)?shù)在100字以內(nèi)。

　　思路點(diǎn)撥

　　寫記敘文要按照事物發(fā)展的客觀規(guī)律敘述,所敘述的內(nèi)容要交代清楚,條理清晰,重點(diǎn)突出,主次分明,詳略得當(dāng)。

　　這篇文章也是記敘文,主人公應(yīng)該用第三人稱,時(shí)態(tài)以一般過去時(shí)為主。本文以主人公為中心線索,以一、兩件事件為重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容去組織材料,反映主人公的形象特征。整個內(nèi)容情節(jié)要合情合理,有真實(shí)感,敘述時(shí)可按事情發(fā)展的順序進(jìn)行,同時(shí)加以點(diǎn)評。

　　參考范文

　　My Classmate

　　Liu Kai is my classmate. He is a good student and always ready to help others.

　　One day on his way to school, he saw a little girl crossing the road. A car was coming towards her quickly and the girl was too frightened to move. The car nearly hit her. Just then LiuKai rushed up to her and caught her by the arm. The little girl was saved. She told him where she lived, and he took her home. When LiuKai hurried into the classroom, the teacher had already begun his lesson. He told the teacher why he was late. He was then praised for what he had done.