關(guān)于道德的英語美文閱讀
道德教育的根本任務(wù),是在于影響人格,形成德性。目前在我國學(xué)校中的道德教育主要是知識(shí)性德育,出現(xiàn)了許多知行不一的現(xiàn)象,其原因之一是長期以來我們忽視了情感在道德教育中的價(jià)值和道德情感的培養(yǎng)。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來的關(guān)于道德的英語美文閱讀，歡迎閱讀!
關(guān)于道德的英語美文閱讀篇一
Moral Issues
美式道德
Do Americans have any morals? That's a good question. Many people insist that ideas aboutright and wrong are merely personal opinions. Some voices, though, are calling Americans backto traditional moral values. William J. Bennett, former U.S. Secretary of Education, edited TheBook of Virtues in 1993 to do just that. Bennett suggests that great moral stories can buildcharacter. The success of Bennett's book shows that many Americans still believe in moralvalues. But what are they?
美國人還有道德嗎?這是個(gè)好問題。許多人堅(jiān)持對與錯(cuò)乃是個(gè)人的意見。但是，還是有些人在呼喚美國人回到傳統(tǒng)的道德價(jià)值里去。威廉.班奈特，前任美國教育部長，正是為了此目的而在一九九三年編輯了「美德」這本書。班奈特認(rèn)為偉大的道德故事可以建造性格。班奈持這本書的成功顯示了許多美國人仍然相信道德的價(jià)值。但是它們到底為何?
To begin with, moral values in America are like those in any culture. In fact, many aspects ofmorality are universal. But the stories and traditions that teach them are unique to eachculture. Not only that, but culture influences how people show these virtues.
最開始，道德價(jià)值在美國就像在任何其它的文化一樣。事實(shí)上，許多道德的觀點(diǎn)是全球一致的。但是，不同的文化則有不同的故事和傳統(tǒng)來教導(dǎo)它們。不僅如此，文化也影響了人民如何表現(xiàn)這些美德。
One of the most basic moral values for Americans is honesty. The well-known legend aboutGeorge Washington and the cherry tree teaches this value clearly. Little George cut down hisfather's favorite cherry tree while trying out his new hatchet. When his father asked him aboutit, George said, "I cannot tell a lie. I did it with my hatchet." Instead of punishment, Georgereceived praise for telling the truth. Sometimes American honesty-being open and direct-canoffend people. But Americans still believe that "honesty is the best policy."
美國人最基本的道德價(jià)值之一是誠實(shí)。眾所周知的喬治.華盛頓砍櫻桃樹的故事，即將此道德教導(dǎo)地極為清楚。小喬治在試他新斧頭時(shí)砍倒了爸爸最心愛的櫻桃樹。當(dāng)爸爸問他的時(shí)候，喬治說，「我不能說謊，我用我的斧頭砍了它?！箚讨畏堑幢粦土P，反而因?yàn)檎\實(shí)而被贊賞。有時(shí)候美國人仍然相信「誠實(shí)是最上策」。
Another virtue Americans respect is perseverance. Remember Aesop's fable about the turtleand the rabbit that had a race? The rabbit thought he could win easily, so he took a nap. Butthe turtle finally won because he did not give up. Another story tells of a little train that had toclimb a steep hill. The hill was so steep that the little train had a hard time trying to get over it.But the train just kept pulling, all the while saying, "I think I can, I think I can." At last, the trainwas over the top of the hill. "I thought I could, I thought I could," chugged the happy littletrain.
另外一個(gè)為美國人所尊崇的美德為堅(jiān)忍。記得再龜兔賽跑這則伊索寓言嗎?兔子以為牠可以贏的很輕松，便睡了個(gè)午覺，但是烏龜再最后終因不放棄而贏了這場比賽。另一個(gè)故事談到一個(gè)必須爬過陡峭山頭的小火車，山頭是這么陡，以至于小火車很難爬上去，但是它仍不斷地爬，并不停地說：「我想我能做到，我能做到。」最后，火車終于爬過了山頭，「我就知道我可以?！惯@個(gè)快樂的小火車?yán)^續(xù)往前去。
ompassion may be the queen of American virtues. The story of "The Good Samaritan" from theBible describes a man who showed compassion. On his way to a certain city, a Samaritan manfound a poor traveler lying on the road. The traveler had been beaten and robbed. The kindSamaritan, instead of just passing by, stopped to help this person in need. Compassion caneven turn into a positive cycle. In fall 1992, people in Iowa sent truckloads of water to helpFloridians hit by a hurricane. The next summer, during the Midwest flooding, Florida returnedthe favor. In less dramatic ways, millions of Americans are quietly passing along the kindnessesshown to them.
同情心，可能是美國的道德之最了。圣經(jīng)中的「好撒瑪利亞人」的故事，描述一個(gè)流露同情心的人。在這個(gè)撒瑪利亞人出發(fā)去某城市的途中，看到一個(gè)可憐的旅客躺在路旁。這旅客被鞭打、搶劫，這位仁慈的撒瑪利亞人非但沒有視而不見，反而停下來幫助這位有需要的人。同情心還可以變成一個(gè)正面循環(huán)，在一九九二年的秋天，愛荷華州的居民將好幾輛卡車的水送到受颶風(fēng)侵襲的佛羅里達(dá)州;而就在第二年夏天，當(dāng)中西部鬧水災(zāi)的時(shí)候，佛州人便投挑報(bào)李。數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的美國人民正用較不醒目的方式回報(bào)人們向他們表達(dá)的善意。
In no way can this brief description cover all the moral values honored by Americans. Courage,responsibility, loyalty, gratitude and many others could be discussed. In fact, Bennett'sbestseller-over 800 pages-highlights just 10 virtues. Even Bennett admits that he has onlyscratched the surface. But no matter how long or short the list, moral values are invaluable.They are the foundation of American culture-and any culture.
在這么一篇短短的文章里，無論如何也不能將美國人所尊崇的道德述盡。勇氣、責(zé)任心、忠誠、感激之心還有許多其它可以討論的。事實(shí)上，班奈特最暢銷的書──超過八百頁──只談到了十種美德。即使班奈特也承認(rèn)他只談到了皮毛而已。但是不論這張道德表是多長或短，道德價(jià)值都是無價(jià)的。他們是美國文化──和任何其它國家的文化之基礎(chǔ)。
關(guān)于道德的英語美文閱讀篇二
道德困境
Consider this situation,You are driving along on a wild,stormy night.
考慮一下這個(gè)情景，你在一個(gè)狂風(fēng)大作、暴雨傾盆之夜駕車行駛。
You pass by a bus stop,where you see three people waiting:
路過一個(gè)汽車站。你看見三個(gè)人在那兒等車：
1.an elderly woman who is about to die.
一個(gè)奄奄一息的老婦人
2.an old friend who once saved your life.
一個(gè)曾救你一命的老朋友
3.the perfect mate you've been dreaming about.
你一直夢想的完美伴侶。
Which one would you choose, knowing there could only be one passenger in your car?
你已經(jīng)知道自己車中只能載一名乘客，你會(huì)選擇誰呢?
Should you save the elderly woman or take the old friend because he once saved your life?
是應(yīng)該拯救老婦人，還是因他救過你的命而載上你的老朋友呢?
Either way, you may never find your perfect dream lover again!
無論怎樣，也許你再也找不到完美的夢中情人了。
This quiz was given to 200 applicants for a single job.
用這道題測試應(yīng)征同一個(gè)工作的200名求職者。
The one who was hired responded:
最終獲得這份工作的人是這樣回答的：
I would give the car keys to my friend and let him take the elderly woman to the hospital.
我會(huì)把車鑰匙交給我的朋友。
Then I would stay behind and wait for the bus with the woman of my dreams. Lying.
讓他送老婦人去醫(yī)院。然后我留下來與我夢寐以求的女子一起等車。撒謊。
Have you ever found yourself in a situation when you have to lie to people who trust you?
有沒有過這樣的時(shí)候，你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不得不向信任你的人撒謊?
Do you mean lying to people for their good?
你是說為了他們好才對他拉撒謊?
Yes, Is it wrong to lie to them even if it is for their good?
對。即使是為了別人好才撒謊也是不對的嗎?
It's hard to say. I mean. how can you judge what's good for them?
這可難說，我是說。你怎么能判定什么是對他們好的呢?
Maybe it is best to tell them the truth no matter what it is.
無論事實(shí)如何，實(shí)言相告也許才是最好的辦法。
But sometimes it is so hard to tell the truth.
但是有時(shí)候真話實(shí)在是太難說出口了。
I know .If you're sure the truth will do harm.
我知道。如果你確信實(shí)話會(huì)造成傷害的話，
maybe you can choose not to tell it. Lying.
也許你可以選擇保持沉默。撒謊。
Have you ever found yourself in a situation when you have to lie to people who trust you?
有沒有過這樣的時(shí)候，你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不得不向信任你的人撒謊?
Do you mean lying to people for their good?
你是說為了他們好才對他拉撒謊?
Yes, Is it wrong to lie to them even if it is for their good?
對。即使是為了別人好才撒謊也是不對的嗎?
It's hard to say. I mean. how can you judge what's good for them?
這可難說，我是說。你怎么能判定什么是對他們好的呢?
Maybe it is best to tell them the truth no matter what it is.
無論事實(shí)如何，實(shí)言相告也許才是最好的辦法。
But sometimes it is so hard to tell the truth.
但是有時(shí)候真話實(shí)在是太難說出口了。
I know .If you're sure the truth will do harm.
我知道。如果你確信實(shí)話會(huì)造成傷害的話，
maybe you can choose not to tell it.
也許你可以選擇保持沉默。
關(guān)于道德的英語美文閱讀篇三
The psychology of morality.
道德心理學(xué)。
Time to be honest.
誠實(shí)是需要時(shí)間的。
A simple experiment suggests a way to encourage truthfulness.
一個(gè)簡單的實(shí)驗(yàn)卻為我們提供了一種鼓勵(lì)誠實(shí)的途徑。
"IS SIN original?" That is the question addressed by Shaul Shalvi, a psychologist at the University of Amsterdam, in a paper just published in Psychological Science. Dr Shalvi and his colleagues, Ori Eldar and Yoella Bereby-Meyer of Ben-Gurion University in Israel, wanted to know if the impulse to cheat is something that grows or diminishes when the potential cheater has time for reflection on his actions. Is cheating, in other words, instinctive or calculating?
"人性本‘惡'?"這是由阿姆斯特丹大學(xué)的一位心理學(xué)家—— Shaul Shalvi，在《心理科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇論文中所提出的問題. Shalvi博士和他的兩位同事——以色列Ben-Gurion大學(xué)的Ori Eldar 和 Yoella Bereby-Meyer，希望知道如果那些潛在的騙子有時(shí)間對他們的行為作出充分考慮，他們?nèi)鲋e的沖動(dòng)會(huì)否因此增強(qiáng)或減弱呢?換句話說，撒謊究竟是人的一種本能行為，還是經(jīng)過仔細(xì)分析后所作出的選擇呢?
Appropriately, the researchers' apparatus for their experiment was that icon of sinful activity, the gambling die. They wanted to find out whether people were more likely to lie about the result of a die roll when asked that result immediately, or when given time to think.
研究人員為他們的實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇了一樣合適的工具—骰子—罪惡活動(dòng)的標(biāo)志。他們想查明的是：人們是在搖骰后立即被詢問其結(jié)果時(shí)容易撒謊呢，還是在他們獲得一定的思考余地的時(shí)候呢?
To carry out their experiment, Dr Shalvi, Dr Eldar and Dr Bereby-Meyer gave each of 76 volunteers a six-sided die and a cup. Participants were told that a number of them, chosen at random, would earn ten shekels (about
道德教育的根本任務(wù),是在于影響人格,形成德性。目前在我國學(xué)校中的道德教育主要是知識(shí)性德育,出現(xiàn)了許多知行不一的現(xiàn)象,其原因之一是長期以來我們忽視了情感在道德教育中的價(jià)值和道德情感的培養(yǎng)。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來的關(guān)于道德的英語美文閱讀，歡迎閱讀!
關(guān)于道德的英語美文閱讀篇一
Moral Issues
美式道德
Do Americans have any morals? That's a good question. Many people insist that ideas aboutright and wrong are merely personal opinions. Some voices, though, are calling Americans backto traditional moral values. William J. Bennett, former U.S. Secretary of Education, edited TheBook of Virtues in 1993 to do just that. Bennett suggests that great moral stories can buildcharacter. The success of Bennett's book shows that many Americans still believe in moralvalues. But what are they?
美國人還有道德嗎?這是個(gè)好問題。許多人堅(jiān)持對與錯(cuò)乃是個(gè)人的意見。但是，還是有些人在呼喚美國人回到傳統(tǒng)的道德價(jià)值里去。威廉.班奈特，前任美國教育部長，正是為了此目的而在一九九三年編輯了「美德」這本書。班奈特認(rèn)為偉大的道德故事可以建造性格。班奈持這本書的成功顯示了許多美國人仍然相信道德的價(jià)值。但是它們到底為何?
To begin with, moral values in America are like those in any culture. In fact, many aspects ofmorality are universal. But the stories and traditions that teach them are unique to eachculture. Not only that, but culture influences how people show these virtues.
最開始，道德價(jià)值在美國就像在任何其它的文化一樣。事實(shí)上，許多道德的觀點(diǎn)是全球一致的。但是，不同的文化則有不同的故事和傳統(tǒng)來教導(dǎo)它們。不僅如此，文化也影響了人民如何表現(xiàn)這些美德。
One of the most basic moral values for Americans is honesty. The well-known legend aboutGeorge Washington and the cherry tree teaches this value clearly. Little George cut down hisfather's favorite cherry tree while trying out his new hatchet. When his father asked him aboutit, George said, "I cannot tell a lie. I did it with my hatchet." Instead of punishment, Georgereceived praise for telling the truth. Sometimes American honesty-being open and direct-canoffend people. But Americans still believe that "honesty is the best policy."
美國人最基本的道德價(jià)值之一是誠實(shí)。眾所周知的喬治.華盛頓砍櫻桃樹的故事，即將此道德教導(dǎo)地極為清楚。小喬治在試他新斧頭時(shí)砍倒了爸爸最心愛的櫻桃樹。當(dāng)爸爸問他的時(shí)候，喬治說，「我不能說謊，我用我的斧頭砍了它?！箚讨畏堑幢粦土P，反而因?yàn)檎\實(shí)而被贊賞。有時(shí)候美國人仍然相信「誠實(shí)是最上策」。
Another virtue Americans respect is perseverance. Remember Aesop's fable about the turtleand the rabbit that had a race? The rabbit thought he could win easily, so he took a nap. Butthe turtle finally won because he did not give up. Another story tells of a little train that had toclimb a steep hill. The hill was so steep that the little train had a hard time trying to get over it.But the train just kept pulling, all the while saying, "I think I can, I think I can." At last, the trainwas over the top of the hill. "I thought I could, I thought I could," chugged the happy littletrain.
另外一個(gè)為美國人所尊崇的美德為堅(jiān)忍。記得再龜兔賽跑這則伊索寓言嗎?兔子以為牠可以贏的很輕松，便睡了個(gè)午覺，但是烏龜再最后終因不放棄而贏了這場比賽。另一個(gè)故事談到一個(gè)必須爬過陡峭山頭的小火車，山頭是這么陡，以至于小火車很難爬上去，但是它仍不斷地爬，并不停地說：「我想我能做到，我能做到?！棺詈?，火車終于爬過了山頭，「我就知道我可以?！惯@個(gè)快樂的小火車?yán)^續(xù)往前去。
ompassion may be the queen of American virtues. The story of "The Good Samaritan" from theBible describes a man who showed compassion. On his way to a certain city, a Samaritan manfound a poor traveler lying on the road. The traveler had been beaten and robbed. The kindSamaritan, instead of just passing by, stopped to help this person in need. Compassion caneven turn into a positive cycle. In fall 1992, people in Iowa sent truckloads of water to helpFloridians hit by a hurricane. The next summer, during the Midwest flooding, Florida returnedthe favor. In less dramatic ways, millions of Americans are quietly passing along the kindnessesshown to them.
同情心，可能是美國的道德之最了。圣經(jīng)中的「好撒瑪利亞人」的故事，描述一個(gè)流露同情心的人。在這個(gè)撒瑪利亞人出發(fā)去某城市的途中，看到一個(gè)可憐的旅客躺在路旁。這旅客被鞭打、搶劫，這位仁慈的撒瑪利亞人非但沒有視而不見，反而停下來幫助這位有需要的人。同情心還可以變成一個(gè)正面循環(huán)，在一九九二年的秋天，愛荷華州的居民將好幾輛卡車的水送到受颶風(fēng)侵襲的佛羅里達(dá)州;而就在第二年夏天，當(dāng)中西部鬧水災(zāi)的時(shí)候，佛州人便投挑報(bào)李。數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的美國人民正用較不醒目的方式回報(bào)人們向他們表達(dá)的善意。
In no way can this brief description cover all the moral values honored by Americans. Courage,responsibility, loyalty, gratitude and many others could be discussed. In fact, Bennett'sbestseller-over 800 pages-highlights just 10 virtues. Even Bennett admits that he has onlyscratched the surface. But no matter how long or short the list, moral values are invaluable.They are the foundation of American culture-and any culture.
在這么一篇短短的文章里，無論如何也不能將美國人所尊崇的道德述盡。勇氣、責(zé)任心、忠誠、感激之心還有許多其它可以討論的。事實(shí)上，班奈特最暢銷的書──超過八百頁──只談到了十種美德。即使班奈特也承認(rèn)他只談到了皮毛而已。但是不論這張道德表是多長或短，道德價(jià)值都是無價(jià)的。他們是美國文化──和任何其它國家的文化之基礎(chǔ)。
關(guān)于道德的英語美文閱讀篇二
道德困境
Consider this situation,You are driving along on a wild,stormy night.
考慮一下這個(gè)情景，你在一個(gè)狂風(fēng)大作、暴雨傾盆之夜駕車行駛。
You pass by a bus stop,where you see three people waiting:
路過一個(gè)汽車站。你看見三個(gè)人在那兒等車：
1.an elderly woman who is about to die.
一個(gè)奄奄一息的老婦人
2.an old friend who once saved your life.
一個(gè)曾救你一命的老朋友
3.the perfect mate you've been dreaming about.
你一直夢想的完美伴侶。
Which one would you choose, knowing there could only be one passenger in your car?
你已經(jīng)知道自己車中只能載一名乘客，你會(huì)選擇誰呢?
Should you save the elderly woman or take the old friend because he once saved your life?
是應(yīng)該拯救老婦人，還是因他救過你的命而載上你的老朋友呢?
Either way, you may never find your perfect dream lover again!
無論怎樣，也許你再也找不到完美的夢中情人了。
This quiz was given to 200 applicants for a single job.
用這道題測試應(yīng)征同一個(gè)工作的200名求職者。
The one who was hired responded:
最終獲得這份工作的人是這樣回答的：
I would give the car keys to my friend and let him take the elderly woman to the hospital.
我會(huì)把車鑰匙交給我的朋友。
Then I would stay behind and wait for the bus with the woman of my dreams. Lying.
讓他送老婦人去醫(yī)院。然后我留下來與我夢寐以求的女子一起等車。撒謊。
Have you ever found yourself in a situation when you have to lie to people who trust you?
有沒有過這樣的時(shí)候，你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不得不向信任你的人撒謊?
Do you mean lying to people for their good?
你是說為了他們好才對他拉撒謊?
Yes, Is it wrong to lie to them even if it is for their good?
對。即使是為了別人好才撒謊也是不對的嗎?
It's hard to say. I mean. how can you judge what's good for them?
這可難說，我是說。你怎么能判定什么是對他們好的呢?
Maybe it is best to tell them the truth no matter what it is.
無論事實(shí)如何，實(shí)言相告也許才是最好的辦法。
But sometimes it is so hard to tell the truth.
但是有時(shí)候真話實(shí)在是太難說出口了。
I know .If you're sure the truth will do harm.
我知道。如果你確信實(shí)話會(huì)造成傷害的話，
maybe you can choose not to tell it. Lying.
也許你可以選擇保持沉默。撒謊。
Have you ever found yourself in a situation when you have to lie to people who trust you?
有沒有過這樣的時(shí)候，你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不得不向信任你的人撒謊?
Do you mean lying to people for their good?
你是說為了他們好才對他拉撒謊?
Yes, Is it wrong to lie to them even if it is for their good?
對。即使是為了別人好才撒謊也是不對的嗎?
It's hard to say. I mean. how can you judge what's good for them?
這可難說，我是說。你怎么能判定什么是對他們好的呢?
Maybe it is best to tell them the truth no matter what it is.
無論事實(shí)如何，實(shí)言相告也許才是最好的辦法。
But sometimes it is so hard to tell the truth.
但是有時(shí)候真話實(shí)在是太難說出口了。
I know .If you're sure the truth will do harm.
我知道。如果你確信實(shí)話會(huì)造成傷害的話，
maybe you can choose not to tell it.
也許你可以選擇保持沉默。
關(guān)于道德的英語美文閱讀篇三
The psychology of morality.
道德心理學(xué)。
Time to be honest.
誠實(shí)是需要時(shí)間的。
A simple experiment suggests a way to encourage truthfulness.
一個(gè)簡單的實(shí)驗(yàn)卻為我們提供了一種鼓勵(lì)誠實(shí)的途徑。
"IS SIN original?" That is the question addressed by Shaul Shalvi, a psychologist at the University of Amsterdam, in a paper just published in Psychological Science. Dr Shalvi and his colleagues, Ori Eldar and Yoella Bereby-Meyer of Ben-Gurion University in Israel, wanted to know if the impulse to cheat is something that grows or diminishes when the potential cheater has time for reflection on his actions. Is cheating, in other words, instinctive or calculating?
"人性本‘惡'?"這是由阿姆斯特丹大學(xué)的一位心理學(xué)家—— Shaul Shalvi，在《心理科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇論文中所提出的問題. Shalvi博士和他的兩位同事——以色列Ben-Gurion大學(xué)的Ori Eldar 和 Yoella Bereby-Meyer，希望知道如果那些潛在的騙子有時(shí)間對他們的行為作出充分考慮，他們?nèi)鲋e的沖動(dòng)會(huì)否因此增強(qiáng)或減弱呢?換句話說，撒謊究竟是人的一種本能行為，還是經(jīng)過仔細(xì)分析后所作出的選擇呢?
Appropriately, the researchers' apparatus for their experiment was that icon of sinful activity, the gambling die. They wanted to find out whether people were more likely to lie about the result of a die roll when asked that result immediately, or when given time to think.
研究人員為他們的實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇了一樣合適的工具—骰子—罪惡活動(dòng)的標(biāo)志。他們想查明的是：人們是在搖骰后立即被詢問其結(jié)果時(shí)容易撒謊呢，還是在他們獲得一定的思考余地的時(shí)候呢?
To carry out their experiment, Dr Shalvi, Dr Eldar and Dr Bereby-Meyer gave each of 76 volunteers a six-sided die and a cup. Participants were told that a number of them, chosen at random, would earn ten shekels (about $2.50) for each pip of the numeral they rolled on the die. They were then instructed to shake their cups, check the outcome of the rolled die and remember this roll. Next, they were asked to roll the die two more times, to satisfy themselves that it was not loaded, and, that done, to enter the result of the first roll on a computer terminal. Half of the participants were told to complete this procedure within 20 seconds while the others were given no time limit.
實(shí)驗(yàn)前，Shalvi博士，Eldar博士和Bereby-Meyer博士給作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對象的76位志愿者每人發(fā)了一個(gè)搖盅和一粒骰子。參加者被告知他們中的一部分被隨機(jī)抽選出來的，會(huì)依據(jù)其擲出的骰子點(diǎn)數(shù)而得到相應(yīng)數(shù)目的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，每點(diǎn)10謝克爾(約合2.5美元)。接著他們便按照指示搖盅，開盅查看結(jié)果，記住點(diǎn)數(shù)。然后他們被要求多搖兩次，以讓自己確信骰子中沒有被灌鉛。最后，讓他們自己在電腦終端里輸入第一次所擲出的點(diǎn)數(shù)。有一半?yún)⒓诱弑灰笤?0秒內(nèi)完成整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)流程，而另一半則沒有時(shí)間限制。
The researchers had no way of knowing what numbers participants actually rolled, of course. But they knew, statistically, that the average roll, if people reported honestly, should have been 3.5. This gave them a baseline from which to calculate participants' honesty. Those forced to enter their results within 20 seconds, the researchers found, reported a mean roll of 4.6. Those who were not under any time pressure reported a mean roll of 3.9. Both groups lied, then. But those who had had more time for reflection lied less.
研究人員當(dāng)然無法知曉每個(gè)參加者實(shí)際擲出點(diǎn)數(shù)。但他們知道，依照統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)規(guī)律，如果所有人都能做到如實(shí)上報(bào)點(diǎn)數(shù)，那么這次實(shí)驗(yàn)的平均擲出點(diǎn)數(shù)應(yīng)為3.5。這就為研究人員提供了一個(gè)測量參加者誠實(shí)程度的依據(jù)。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那組被要求于20秒內(nèi)輸入結(jié)果的的參加者所上報(bào)的擲出點(diǎn)數(shù)平均值為4.6，而另外沒有時(shí)間壓力的參加者的為3.9.顯然這兩組人都撒謊了，不過在那些有充分時(shí)間進(jìn)行考慮的參加者中撒謊的較少。
A second experiment confirmed this result. A different bunch of volunteers were asked to roll the die just once. Again, half were put under time pressure and, since there were no additional rolls to make, the restriction was changed from 20 seconds to eight. The others were allowed to consider the matter for as long as they wished.
第二次實(shí)驗(yàn)則驗(yàn)證了這一結(jié)果。這次是另一群不同的志愿者被要求擲骰子，不過只擲一次。同上次一樣，他們中一半人被限制了時(shí)間，并且由于此次只需擲一次骰子，時(shí)間限制也從20s縮短為8s.其余一般則想考慮多久都行。
In this case the first half reported an average roll of 4.4. Those given no time limit reported an average of 3.4. The second lot, in other words, actually told the truth.
在這次實(shí)驗(yàn)中，前面有時(shí)間限制的一半人所上報(bào)點(diǎn)數(shù)的平均值為4.4，而沒有時(shí)間限制的所上報(bào)的平均值為3.4。換言之，后者如實(shí)上報(bào)了數(shù)據(jù)。
The conclusion, therefore, at least in the matter of cheating at dice, is that sin is indeed original. Without time for reflection, people will default to the mode labelled "cheat". Given such time, however, they will often do the right thing. If you want someone to be honest, then, do not press him too hard for an immediate decision.
因此，得出的結(jié)論是——至少在此次搖骰作弊的案例中如此—"人性本‘惡'"。在缺少時(shí)間進(jìn)行考慮的情況下，人們會(huì)進(jìn)入默認(rèn)的"撒謊"模式。然而，如果他們獲得了那樣的考慮時(shí)間，一般會(huì)作出道德上正確的選擇。所以，如果你希望某人對你誠實(shí)，那么千萬別逼迫他立即做出出決定啊
看了“關(guān)于道德的英語美文閱讀”的人還看了：
1.好的英文美文
.50) for each pip of the numeral they rolled on the die. They were then instructed to shake their cups, check the outcome of the rolled die and remember this roll. Next, they were asked to roll the die two more times, to satisfy themselves that it was not loaded, and, that done, to enter the result of the first roll on a computer terminal. Half of the participants were told to complete this procedure within 20 seconds while the others were given no time limit.實(shí)驗(yàn)前，Shalvi博士，Eldar博士和Bereby-Meyer博士給作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對象的76位志愿者每人發(fā)了一個(gè)搖盅和一粒骰子。參加者被告知他們中的一部分被隨機(jī)抽選出來的，會(huì)依據(jù)其擲出的骰子點(diǎn)數(shù)而得到相應(yīng)數(shù)目的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，每點(diǎn)10謝克爾(約合2.5美元)。接著他們便按照指示搖盅，開盅查看結(jié)果，記住點(diǎn)數(shù)。然后他們被要求多搖兩次，以讓自己確信骰子中沒有被灌鉛。最后，讓他們自己在電腦終端里輸入第一次所擲出的點(diǎn)數(shù)。有一半?yún)⒓诱弑灰笤?0秒內(nèi)完成整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)流程，而另一半則沒有時(shí)間限制。
The researchers had no way of knowing what numbers participants actually rolled, of course. But they knew, statistically, that the average roll, if people reported honestly, should have been 3.5. This gave them a baseline from which to calculate participants' honesty. Those forced to enter their results within 20 seconds, the researchers found, reported a mean roll of 4.6. Those who were not under any time pressure reported a mean roll of 3.9. Both groups lied, then. But those who had had more time for reflection lied less.
研究人員當(dāng)然無法知曉每個(gè)參加者實(shí)際擲出點(diǎn)數(shù)。但他們知道，依照統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)規(guī)律，如果所有人都能做到如實(shí)上報(bào)點(diǎn)數(shù)，那么這次實(shí)驗(yàn)的平均擲出點(diǎn)數(shù)應(yīng)為3.5。這就為研究人員提供了一個(gè)測量參加者誠實(shí)程度的依據(jù)。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那組被要求于20秒內(nèi)輸入結(jié)果的的參加者所上報(bào)的擲出點(diǎn)數(shù)平均值為4.6，而另外沒有時(shí)間壓力的參加者的為3.9.顯然這兩組人都撒謊了，不過在那些有充分時(shí)間進(jìn)行考慮的參加者中撒謊的較少。
A second experiment confirmed this result. A different bunch of volunteers were asked to roll the die just once. Again, half were put under time pressure and, since there were no additional rolls to make, the restriction was changed from 20 seconds to eight. The others were allowed to consider the matter for as long as they wished.
第二次實(shí)驗(yàn)則驗(yàn)證了這一結(jié)果。這次是另一群不同的志愿者被要求擲骰子，不過只擲一次。同上次一樣，他們中一半人被限制了時(shí)間，并且由于此次只需擲一次骰子，時(shí)間限制也從20s縮短為8s.其余一般則想考慮多久都行。
In this case the first half reported an average roll of 4.4. Those given no time limit reported an average of 3.4. The second lot, in other words, actually told the truth.
在這次實(shí)驗(yàn)中，前面有時(shí)間限制的一半人所上報(bào)點(diǎn)數(shù)的平均值為4.4，而沒有時(shí)間限制的所上報(bào)的平均值為3.4。換言之，后者如實(shí)上報(bào)了數(shù)據(jù)。
The conclusion, therefore, at least in the matter of cheating at dice, is that sin is indeed original. Without time for reflection, people will default to the mode labelled "cheat". Given such time, however, they will often do the right thing. If you want someone to be honest, then, do not press him too hard for an immediate decision.
因此，得出的結(jié)論是——至少在此次搖骰作弊的案例中如此—"人性本‘惡'"。在缺少時(shí)間進(jìn)行考慮的情況下，人們會(huì)進(jìn)入默認(rèn)的"撒謊"模式。然而，如果他們獲得了那樣的考慮時(shí)間，一般會(huì)作出道德上正確的選擇。所以，如果你希望某人對你誠實(shí)，那么千萬別逼迫他立即做出出決定啊
看了“關(guān)于道德的英語美文閱讀”的人還看了：
1.好的英文美文