大學英語四級考試寫作進階指導
大學英語寫作中，有哪些進階的技巧可以幫助我們突破的?下面是學習啦小編給大家整理的大學英語四級考試寫作進階指導，供大家參閱!
大學英語四級考試寫作進階指導
大學英語四級考試寫作題型根據(jù)教育部頒布的大學英語教學大綱的要求，大學英語四級考試的命題形式有以下幾種：首尾句作文、提綱作文、圖表作文、命題作文、書信體作文等。首尾句作文是根據(jù)段首(尾)句續(xù)寫短文。段首句作文也稱主題句作文，因為作文題中所給的段首句往往是段落主題句。其特點是以題目為中心，一般情況下將文章分為三個段落，每段首句即為該段的主題句(topic sentences)?？忌粗黝}句的要求組織材料，提出論據(jù)，用一些輔助句(supporting sentences)來支持或說明主題句，寫英文段首句作文要注意：所寫的內容要緊扣主題，輔助句應圍繞段首句續(xù)寫。保證段內每個句子的內容與段首句緊密展開各個段落，如：例證、因果、定義、比較對比、程序等。要注意句與句之間，特別是段首句與輔助句之間的自然銜接。另外，所給的段首句有時是一個完整的句子，有時不是一個完整的句子，只是句子的一部分，這就要求我們一定要審好題。找出其中表示中心思想的關鍵詞，圍繞這些關鍵詞去擴展、描述或說明。
[例1]Directions :For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Women in the Modern World in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each
paragraph and are required to develop the idea in completing the paragraph; your part of the composition should be about 100 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly.
[范文]
Women in the Modern World
Women are playing an increasingly important role in society. Successful women who are government officials, writers, scientists, doctors and teachers can be found everywhere. It is true that many jobs that once were dominated by men can be done well by women.
With the changes in their social role, women’s position in the family has been improved as well. The husband is no longer the only bread maker in the family and the wife no longer lives on others. They share comforts and hardships with each other.
In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. Women still face many difficulties and obstacles due to traditional roles and limited economic strength. Women still have a long way to go in their struggle for complete equality with men.
第一段首句是講婦女在社會上的作用，因而續(xù)寫的內容緊緊圍繞婦女的社會作用，比如，婦女可以是政府機關的工作人員、科學家、教師等;第二句的段首句是關于婦女在家庭中的地位也提高了，續(xù)寫的內容也是有關夫妻患難與共;第三句的段首句是講婦女解放仍然任重而道遠，續(xù)寫的部分提出了婦女所面臨的問題，整個續(xù)寫的部分緊扣段首句。
大學英語四級寫作技巧講解
六級閱卷老師在語言方面主要從兩個方面進行評判：
1、基本正確
四、六級考生的最大問題不是寫得太簡單，而是嚴重錯誤太多?；A一般的同學即使使用小學或中學詞匯和句型，只要使用得基本正確，也可以得到及格分數(shù)?？忌畛７傅恼Z言錯誤有三類：語法、拼寫、標點。最常犯的語法錯誤包括：時態(tài)、冠詞、主謂一致、名詞單復數(shù)等。
2、豐富多變 基礎較好的同學，要想取得四、六級寫作高分，應做到豐富多變。豐富多變體現(xiàn)在詞匯和句型兩方面。同一詞語在一句話、一個段落乃至一篇文章中最好不要重復出現(xiàn)，應盡量使用同、近義詞替換(無法替換的關鍵詞除外)。例如：think可以替換為reckon, assume, argue等詞。如果想不到同、近義詞，可以使用上義詞進行替換。此外，句型也應富于變化，不要拘泥于主謂賓句型，可以使用主系表、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語、不定式短語作狀語、狀語從句等多種句型。 四級作文如果量化成句數(shù)，只需寫10句左右;六級只需12句左右。全文應以短句為主，長短句相結合。所謂短句是指10個詞左右的句子，不能全篇都是5、6個詞的短句。同時，全文應有一定數(shù)量的長句，一般15~20詞即可，太長則易冗贅。有的同學以為只寫長句不寫短句，就能取得高分，實際上老師看長句會覺得很累，以為你不會寫短句，通常不會給高分。如果一篇中文作文每句都30多個字，定然晦澀難懂，英文也不例外。精煉的短句可以放在段首表示強調; 復雜的長句可以進行具體的論證、舉例或描述。
高分真經(jīng)
(一)背誦
背誦是提高英語綜合能力的法寶，可分為以下5個層次：(1)精彩詞匯;(2)精彩句型;(3)精彩句子;(4)萬能框架;(5)經(jīng)典范文。注意句子和句型不一樣，精彩句子應作為單詞來記憶。背誦前，確保自己已充分理解所有內容。
語言學習有兩個關鍵詞——輸入(INPUT)和輸出(OUTPUT)。聽力和閱讀屬于輸入，考生處于被動狀態(tài)，只需在考場上將聽到和看到的東西弄懂。應對這種題目的技巧很多，容易在短期內提高。但口語和寫作屬于輸出，考生必須變被動為主動，這很難在短期內突破。沒有大量的輸入，很難進行自由輸出。
四、六級寫作需要在30分鐘內完成一篇短文，共計120或150余字，很多同學叫苦不迭。但若將其改為中文作文，大家就會覺得易如反掌。原因何在?俗話說：“熟讀唐詩三百首，不會做詩也能吟。”同學們從小到大背誦了大量中文佳作，可以隨意組合，自由輸出。然而，在英語學習中，多數(shù)同學只沉溺于背單詞、摳語法、做閱讀，很少有人背誦英文文章。正因為沒有大量輸入，寫作才始終處于“擠牙膏”狀態(tài)，想一句說一句，說一句翻譯一句。 提高英語寫作要多讀、多背、多寫、多改。多讀、多背是首要任務，是積累輸入的關鍵?？忌鷳罅糠e累經(jīng)典英文句型、表達和范文，平時勤于背誦。
有的同學問我，說自己背過很多英文文章，但上了考場還是大腦一片空白，什么都想不起來。這種情況很常見，主要有兩個原因：一是沒有進行造句的工作，只是盲目背誦。二是背得不夠熟練。學習任何東西都講究先求質，再求量。大家英語學了很多年，文章看了很多，為什么寫作還是學不好?關鍵是量鋪開了，但質沒有上去。一篇文章應背到脫口而出的程度，如果還需要過腦子，就證明背得不夠熟練。一知半解，背得再多也是徒勞。
(二)默寫 背完經(jīng)典范文后，進行默寫。然后對照原文糾錯，搞清楚錯在什么地方。多數(shù)同學在寫的時候都會犯小錯誤，如拼寫、單復數(shù)、大小寫等。這些就是你在寫作中的弱點，也是閱卷老師最不能容忍的地方。培根說過：“Writing makes an exact man.”(寫作使人精確。)只有默寫下來你才會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己常犯哪些錯誤。
(三)中譯英 中譯英也是提高寫作的好方法。根據(jù)范文的中文譯文，將其按自己的理解譯成英文。譯完后，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的翻譯和原文有很大差距，這些差距就是取得寫作高分的關鍵。這時，對照范文，看看原作者是怎么寫的，思考為什么這么寫。同樣的一句中文，范文中使用了哪些詞匯和句型?你使用了哪些詞匯和句型?學習范文使用不同的詞匯和句型。通過不斷練習，你的寫作水平不知不覺就提高了。
(四)寫作 模仿范文寫作新的文章，套用范文的精彩詞匯、句型、句子和框架。最初套用時可能比較生硬，但隨著不斷的積累，組合起來會越來越順手。 上述的高分策略是提高四、六級英語寫作水平最有效的方法。在練習寫作的初始階段, 可勤查語法書和字典等工具書, 背記常用詞和短語，以擴大詞匯量，拓展知識面。背單詞時要深刻理解所背詞語的內在含義，并了解其使用環(huán)境。備考時，熟記一些過渡詞、句型和范文，并進行仿寫?？荚嚂r，使用學習過的、熟悉而有把握的詞匯和句型，沒有把握的句子，盡量采取“回避政策”，切忌自編自造漢語式的英語詞組和句型。
大學英語四級寫作訣竅
對比觀點題型
(1) 要求論述兩個對立的觀點并給出自己的看法。
1.有一些人認為……
2.另一些人認為……
3.我的看法……
The topic of ①________(主題)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②________(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③________(理由二). Moreover, ④________(理由三).
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,________(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥____________(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦____________(理由三).
From my point of view, I think ⑧________(我的觀點). The reason is that ⑨____________(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .
(2) 給出一個觀點，要求考生反對這一觀點Some people believe that ①________(觀點
一). For example, they think ②________(舉例說明).And it will bring them ③________(為他們帶來的好處).
In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④____(我不同意該看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤____(反對的理由之二). Form all what I have said,I agree to the thought that ⑥____(我對文章所討論主題的看法).
闡述主題題型
要求從一句話或一個主題出發(fā)，按照提綱的要求進行論述.
1. 闡述名言或主題所蘊涵的意義.
2. 分析并舉例使其更充實.
The good old proverb ________(名言或諺語)reminds us that ________(釋義). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.
First of all,________(理由一). For example, ____________(舉例說明). Secondly,________(理由二). Another case is that ________(舉例說明). Furthermore , ____________(理由三).
In my opinion, ________(我的觀點). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say____A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
解決方法題型
要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑
1. 問題現(xiàn)狀
2. 怎樣解決(解決方案的優(yōu)缺點)
In recent days, we have to face I problem——A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ________(說明A的現(xiàn)狀).Second, ________(舉例進一步說明現(xiàn)狀) Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ________(解決方法一). For another ________(解決方法二). Finally, ________(解決方法三). Personally, I believe that ________(我的解決方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________(帶來的好處).
四、說明利弊題型
這種題型往往要求先說明一下現(xiàn)狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時也會單從一個角度(利或弊)出發(fā)，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度(或對事物前景提出預測)
1. 說明事物現(xiàn)狀
2. 事物本身的優(yōu)缺點(或一方面)
3. 你對現(xiàn)狀(或前景)的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ________(A的優(yōu)點之一). Besides ____________(A的優(yōu)點之二).
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ________(A的第一個缺點).To make matters worse,____________(A的第二個缺點).
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ________(我的看法).
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ________(對前景的預測 議論文的框架
(1) 不同觀點列舉型( 選擇型 )
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___觀點一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___觀點二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
(2)利弊型的議論文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文題目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___優(yōu)點一______. And secondly ___優(yōu)點二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺點一______. In addition, ____ 缺點二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.
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