高考英語(yǔ)概要寫作題目

　　概要不論是英語(yǔ)還是中文寫作中，要簡(jiǎn)單地在高考上概括出來(lái)還是有一定的的難度的。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的高考英語(yǔ)概要寫作題目與范文，供大家參閱!

　　高考英語(yǔ)概要寫作題目范文

　　閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

　　Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

　　In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.

　　Though the belief in the merit (好處) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

　　Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫學(xué)家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground.

　　(原創(chuàng)范文，僅供參考)

　　One possible version：

　　People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要點(diǎn) 1 ) For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. (要點(diǎn) 2 ) However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. (要點(diǎn) 3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. (要點(diǎn) 4)

　　高考英語(yǔ)概要寫作點(diǎn)撥

　　【范文點(diǎn)撥】

　　(一)要點(diǎn)分析

　　1. 文章第一段就是本篇文章的主題句，亮明了總的觀點(diǎn)：However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 換句話說(shuō)：Different people have different attitudes towards dirt. 再結(jié)合下文談到的主題可知Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on the skin. 范文中的要點(diǎn)1“People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. ”概括非常精煉。

　　2.第二段主要談到了在16世紀(jì)，人們認(rèn)為dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，尤以英、法兩國(guó)的貴族為代表。結(jié)合第三段第一句Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since 18 century.可知，直到18世紀(jì)之前，人們都認(rèn)為dirt是很“友好的”，有助于預(yù)防疾病。范文中的要點(diǎn)2 “For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.”很好地總結(jié)了這些要點(diǎn)。

　　3. 第三段用Though引出人們對(duì)dirt觀點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)變“…since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.”再結(jié)合本段最后一部分Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea…可得出要點(diǎn)3“However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.”

　　4. 文章最后一段第一句指出，現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)于dirt的態(tài)度還是有所不同，On the contrary引出專家的觀點(diǎn)，一位免疫學(xué)家認(rèn)為dirt有助于增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)。這一觀點(diǎn)獲得了一些支持。范文中的要點(diǎn)4“However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.”表達(dá)很恰切。

　　(二) 要點(diǎn)連接

　　文章概要，在寫完了要點(diǎn)之后，下一步的工作就是要把這些要點(diǎn)用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞進(jìn)行連接，使上下句之間具有連貫性。本篇文章整篇結(jié)構(gòu)是總分的結(jié)構(gòu)，要點(diǎn)2和要點(diǎn)3在觀點(diǎn)上截然相反，因此，之間需要表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連接詞，范文用了However恰到好處。要點(diǎn)3和要點(diǎn)4在觀點(diǎn)上又存在不同，因此，還是用表轉(zhuǎn)折的連接詞However。不過(guò)小編認(rèn)為，此處用Nevertheless可以避免三句話內(nèi)出現(xiàn)兩次However。

　　(三) 關(guān)鍵詞匯

　　第一段：fixed (確定的;不變的) 第二段：means (手段，方法), block out (擋住), open up (打開(kāi)), upon (……之后;立即) 第三段：long-lived (長(zhǎng)期存在的), sell the idea (說(shuō)服某人接收某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)) 第四段：warn sb off (警告某人不要靠近), position (觀點(diǎn)), gain some ground (取得優(yōu)勢(shì))

　　以上這些關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)于整篇文章的理解與轉(zhuǎn)化成自己的語(yǔ)言都很關(guān)鍵，如果不能準(zhǔn)確領(lǐng)會(huì)其用意，語(yǔ)篇理解的效果會(huì)大打折扣。所以，概要寫作的基礎(chǔ)是理解語(yǔ)篇，而讀懂語(yǔ)篇的基礎(chǔ)是詞匯，尤其是對(duì)關(guān)鍵詞匯的掌握與運(yùn)用。在此基礎(chǔ)上，綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法與句法結(jié)構(gòu)，按照行文邏輯組織語(yǔ)言，形成概要。

　　二、題型解讀

　　1.題型介紹

　　◆選材特點(diǎn)

　　(1)所需閱讀的短文詞數(shù)在350以內(nèi);

　　(2)所選材料體裁沒(méi)有限制，以說(shuō)明文、議論文和記敘文為主。

　　◆評(píng)分參考

　　閱卷時(shí)主要考慮以下內(nèi)容：

　　(1)對(duì)原文要點(diǎn)的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況;

　　(2)應(yīng)用語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性;

　　(3)上下文的連貫性;

　　(4)對(duì)各要點(diǎn)表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性情況。

　　注意：理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要求，完全使用自己的語(yǔ)言，準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯，得分相應(yīng)比較高。相反，如果概要寫作部分出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句抄自原文現(xiàn)象，得分檔次將會(huì)大大降低;所寫內(nèi)容與所提供內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)不得分。

　　2考查能力

　　概要寫作，簡(jiǎn)言之就是對(duì)所讀過(guò)的文章簡(jiǎn)要概括，寫出文章的中心大意，也可稱之為摘要。寫概要時(shí)，讀者要是把文章的具體信息用一些具有概括功能的詞和句表述出來(lái)，而不是抄襲文章的原句，更不是把細(xì)節(jié)性信息作為中心，而是要通過(guò)對(duì)文章中的單詞、詞組和句子進(jìn)行合理轉(zhuǎn)換，對(duì)文章的具體信息進(jìn)行概括，再用合適的語(yǔ)言表述出來(lái)。這一題型主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主旨大意的概括和準(zhǔn)確獲取關(guān)鍵詞的能力，同時(shí)考查學(xué)生用簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言概括文章重要信息的能力以及對(duì)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力。因此，概要寫作是基于閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)，是二者的有機(jī)結(jié)合體，是閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)的溝通橋梁。

　　3寫作步驟

　　1)細(xì)讀原文。首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)，明確各段的大意。

　　2)弄清要求。新高考的概要寫作是寫全文概要，不是寫某一部分的概要，或者就某些問(wèn)題寫出要點(diǎn)。

　　3)列出原文要點(diǎn)。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項(xiàng)扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。

　　4)在寫作時(shí)要特別注意下面幾點(diǎn)：

　　(1)概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實(shí)，略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。

　　(2)安排好篇幅的比例，概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，即用較多的文字寫重要內(nèi)容，用較少的文字寫次要內(nèi)容。

　　(3)注意要點(diǎn)之間的銜接，要用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)貫通全文，切忌只簡(jiǎn)單地寫出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每?jī)删渲g都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)，以免顯得生硬。

　　(4)不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語(yǔ)表達(dá)，至少對(duì)原文句子做一些同義詞替換，如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會(huì)更好。

　　(5)計(jì)算詞數(shù)，看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。

　　4.備考建議

　　概要寫作，其實(shí)我們考生并不陌生，在日常的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中，教師經(jīng)常讓學(xué)生就所學(xué)英語(yǔ)課文逐段概括段落大意或者復(fù)述課文，這在一定程度上都為概要寫作打基礎(chǔ)。除此之外，作為考生，還要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　(1)積累常見(jiàn)的同義短語(yǔ)和句型轉(zhuǎn)換，掌握并運(yùn)用單詞、短語(yǔ)和句型。“巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊”，即使有再好的寫作技巧，如果沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)詞匯和句法知識(shí)，也很難寫出概要寫作的上乘之作。因此，考生要在基礎(chǔ)詞匯和句法知識(shí)上下功夫，以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變。

　　(2) 進(jìn)行適度地專題練習(xí)。有計(jì)劃地進(jìn)行適度練習(xí)有利于考生快速掌握概要寫作的要點(diǎn)，找到概要寫作的感覺(jué)，沖破對(duì)概要寫作的不適感。平時(shí)可多關(guān)注往年的高考閱讀文章，進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)分析和主旨概括訓(xùn)練?？砂次捏w和題材，分類訓(xùn)練篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的布局，增強(qiáng)對(duì)文章上下文連貫性的把握。概要寫作首先要掌握各種文體的寫作特點(diǎn)和框架。如：

　　記敘文：what / who / when / where / why / how

　　議論文：opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons)

　　說(shuō)明文：phenomenon / problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant)

　　新聞： a focus on the first paragraph and the first and last sentences of the other paragraphs

　　綜合以上分析可知，新高考更加重視考查考生高中階段英語(yǔ)基本技能的掌握情況，也注意考查考生進(jìn)入高等學(xué)校繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的潛能，目標(biāo)是利用高考命題的導(dǎo)向功能推動(dòng)新課程的課堂教學(xué)改革。

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