醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)短文閱讀專業(yè)短篇閱讀
醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)短文閱讀專業(yè)短篇閱讀
多閱讀一些醫(yī)學(xué)的短篇英語(yǔ)閱讀，對(duì)于醫(yī)科專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)提高會(huì)有所幫助，今天學(xué)習(xí)啦小編在這里為大家分享一些醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)短文閱讀，歡迎大家閱讀!
醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)短文閱讀：肝的微細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)
When viewed under a microscope, the liver is seen as large network of units called hepatic lobules. The hepatic lobule is very small and looks like a six-sided cylinder.
The lobule itself is surrounded by connective tissue and has 5 to 7 clusters of vessels around its edges. These vessels include a branch of the portal vein, a branch of the hepatic artery, and a bile duct.
A central vein runs through the middle of the lobe and is surrounded by cords of liver cells that radiate out in all directions. Between these cords are wide thinwalled blood vessels called sinusoids. All of the blood drains into a hepatic vein which then circulates throughout the body.
在顯微鏡下，肝臟是由肝小葉為單位的網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)。肝小葉非常小，是六棱柱體。
小葉的周圍是結(jié)締組織，邊緣圍繞著5-7串脈管，有門靜脈、肝動(dòng)脈和膽小管。
小葉的中央由中央靜脈穿過(guò)，周圍被向四周呈放射狀排列的肝細(xì)胞索包圍。在索之間是擴(kuò)大了的毛細(xì)血管叫血竇。所有的血液都流入肝靜脈參與體循環(huán)。
醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)短文閱讀：器官移植
Normal human cells can also become foreign invaders. When an organ such as a liver is transplant (moved) form one person to another, cells from the transplanted organ are seen as enemy invaders by the immune system of the person receiving the organ. The cells of the transplanted organ set off an immunological attack. Killer T cells and antibodies rush to the site, causing organ rejection, and the organ dies. Physicians solve this problem in part with medicines that suppress, or slow down, the immune system.
正常的人體細(xì)胞也可能成為外來(lái)的入侵者，例如，一個(gè)人的肝臟器官移植到另一個(gè)人的身體內(nèi)，接受者的免疫系統(tǒng)視來(lái)自被移植器官的細(xì)胞為入侵的敵人。被移植器官的細(xì)胞將發(fā)動(dòng)一場(chǎng)免疫攻勢(shì)，殺傷T細(xì)胞和抗體就會(huì)沖到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，引起排斥反應(yīng)，而且這個(gè)被移植的器官就會(huì)死亡。醫(yī)生們可以使用抑制或減緩免疫系統(tǒng)的藥物部分地解決這一難題。
醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)短文閱讀：外籍護(hù)士離去 英醫(yī)院陷人員危機(jī)
Hospitals in London could face a future staffing crisis as overseas nurses consider heading to work elsewhere, a study has revealed.
Research by the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) and the King's Fund think-tank showed that four out of 10 overseas nurses in the capital admitted that they were thinking about leaving the NHS to take up jobs in other countries.
The study also found that two-thirds of Filipino nurses working in London - one of the largest overseas nursing staff groups - were considering quitting the UK to work in the US.
Report author Prof James Buchan said: "The NHS and independent health care sectors rely heavily on overseas nurses to deliver health care - without them, parts of the health service would collapse.
"They perform a crucial and valuable role but our survey shows the NHS is playing a high risk game by relying on these overseas staff to commit long term to the NHS.
"Many of these nurses are considering leaving the NHS and that would pose real problems.
"It's clear the NHS needs to up its efforts to grow its own workforce to ensure we have the right number of nurses for the future."
The study involved almost 400 nurses from more than 30 different countries who were also asked about why they chose to work in the UK and how long they intended to stay.
While the UK has banned active recruitment from many developing countries to the NHS, the research found there was still evidence of "back-door recruitment".
Many nurses said they had initially worked for private sector employers in the UK before moving to the NHS soon after completing an adaptation course.
最近的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，由于外籍護(hù)士紛紛打算去其他國(guó)家另謀高就，倫敦的很多醫(yī)院都將面臨人手緊缺的窘境。
據(jù)英國(guó)《每日郵報(bào)》網(wǎng)站5月18日?qǐng)?bào)道，由英國(guó)皇家護(hù)理學(xué)院(RCN)和國(guó)王基金會(huì)共同完成的這項(xiàng)研究顯示，在倫敦各醫(yī)院里的外籍護(hù)士中，有40%的人承認(rèn)他們有過(guò)脫離英國(guó)國(guó)民衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系(NHS)轉(zhuǎn)而去其他國(guó)家開始新的職業(yè)生涯的想法。
該研究報(bào)告的作者詹姆斯·巴肯教授表示：“英國(guó)國(guó)民衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系和那些獨(dú)立的衛(wèi)生保健部門均高度依賴于這些外籍護(hù)士所提供的相關(guān)服務(wù)，沒(méi)有了他們，部分公共醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系將會(huì)瀕于崩潰。”
巴肯說(shuō)：“這些人在實(shí)際工作中扮演著至關(guān)重要且卓有成效的角色，但我們的研究顯示，NHS指望這些人長(zhǎng)期為其提供服務(wù)的做法不啻于在玩一種具有高度危險(xiǎn)性的游戲。”“這些護(hù)士中的大部分人正在考慮脫離NHS，而此舉勢(shì)必會(huì)帶來(lái)許多現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題。”
他還說(shuō)：“很顯然，NHS需要作出更大努力來(lái)培育真正屬于自己的人力資源，這樣我們才能夠保證在將來(lái)依然可以擁有正常數(shù)量的護(hù)士。”
此項(xiàng)研究涉及來(lái)自30多個(gè)不同國(guó)家的近400名護(hù)士，這些人還被問(wèn)及為何選擇來(lái)英工作以及打算在英停留的時(shí)間。研究稱，英國(guó)最大的外籍護(hù)士群體之一、在倫敦工作的菲律賓護(hù)士中，有三分之二的人打算放棄現(xiàn)有工作，前往美國(guó)闖蕩一番。
研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管英國(guó)政府明令禁止從發(fā)展中國(guó)家大規(guī)模引進(jìn)NHS的服務(wù)人員，但有證據(jù)表明那種“偷偷摸摸的招聘”依然屢見(jiàn)不鮮。
很多外籍護(hù)士表示，他們初到英國(guó)時(shí)一般先去私營(yíng)部門工作，在完成相關(guān)培訓(xùn)課程后不久便跳槽到NHS尋求新的崗位。
醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)短文閱讀：以病人為中心的醫(yī)療保健
if patient-centered medicine is to become a widespread reality in academic medical centers, educational initiatives must include reform of the medical record. the medical record is part of the hidden, or informal, curriculum of medical school and residency that defines for students and residents the essential ingredients of competent medical care. whatever its merits, the conventional, problem-oriented medical record (pomr) is a pathology-oriented record that helps perpetuate a disease-focused, biomedical model of practice
如果以病人為中心的醫(yī)學(xué)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，在所以的教學(xué)計(jì)劃中也就應(yīng)該包含醫(yī)療記錄的改革。常規(guī)的、以疾病為中心的醫(yī)療記錄(pomr)也就是病理記錄，它有助于維護(hù)以疾病為中心的生物醫(yī)學(xué)模式。
patient-centered medicine requires a patient-centered medical record (pcmr), one that addresses the person and perspective of the patient as competently as it addresses the patient's disease. the author proposes a pcmr that includes a concise, upfront patient profile; speaks of "chief concerns," not "chief complaints"; makes patient perspective a captioned component of the history of present illness; replaces the pomr's formula soap (subjective, objective, assessment, plan) with hoap (history, observations, assessment, plan); includes important patient perspectives on the problem list; and calls for additional, written attention to the person and perspective of the patient throughout the course of medical care
以病人為中心的醫(yī)學(xué)就要有一份以病人為中心的醫(yī)療記錄(pcmr)，它的對(duì)象是人。它要用主要問(wèn)題來(lái)取代主訴;hoap(history, observations, assessment, plan)來(lái)取代soap(subjective, objective, assessment, plan)…。
patient-centered records can guide and teach clinicians at every level of training and experience to practice patient-centered medicine. moreover, such records can also provide measurable evidence that this teaching has been successful.
以病人為中心的病歷記錄可以指導(dǎo)并教育各級(jí)臨床醫(yī)務(wù)人員實(shí)踐以病人為中心的醫(yī)學(xué)，而且這些記錄也為評(píng)價(jià)教育情況提供了量化證據(jù)。
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