初中英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)
語(yǔ)言理解是一個(gè)主動(dòng)的、以策略為基礎(chǔ)的活動(dòng) ,具有明顯的策略性。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來(lái)的初中英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)，歡迎閱讀!
初中英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)閱讀
英語(yǔ)句子成分劃分詳解(一)
主語(yǔ)：就是一個(gè)句子陳述的對(duì)象，或是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。它回答的是“誰(shuí)”“什么”的問(wèn)題。
如：我看書。誰(shuí)看書?“我”。“我”就是這句子的主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)由名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞充當(dāng)。(如動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞，代詞都可作主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句)主語(yǔ)(subject):句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名詞)
He likes dancing. (代詞)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞)
Seeing is believing. (動(dòng)名詞)
To see is to believe. (不定式)
What he needs is a book.(主語(yǔ)從句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ))
謂語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么，干什么，怎么樣。它回答的是主語(yǔ)“干什么，是什么”的問(wèn)題。
如上句中主語(yǔ)“我”干什么?“看書”。“看書”就是謂語(yǔ)。
一個(gè)句子，一般都可分成主、謂兩大部分(祈使句是省主句)。再細(xì)分又可分成謂語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞)、賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(包括賓補(bǔ)和主補(bǔ))，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)等。 如第一例中謂語(yǔ)部分可劃分成謂語(yǔ)(看)和賓語(yǔ)(書)。 謂語(yǔ)部分中心詞一定要是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，要么是行為動(dòng)詞，要么是系動(dòng)詞，不同的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成不同的句子類型。 句子的各種時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化都在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞上變。
謂語(yǔ)(predicate):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。
We study English.
He is asleep.
賓語(yǔ)：指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所涉及的對(duì)象，由名、代、數(shù)，賓語(yǔ)從句等相當(dāng)于名詞的詞句充當(dāng)，但人稱代詞要用賓格。 如：還說(shuō)上例。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是“看”，看什么?看“書”，“書”是動(dòng)詞“看”所涉及的對(duì)象，是“看”的賓語(yǔ)。
需要說(shuō)明的是：只有及物動(dòng)詞和介詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞的短語(yǔ)才可帶賓語(yǔ)。
賓語(yǔ)：1)動(dòng)作的承受者-----動(dòng)賓
I like China.(名詞) He hates you.(代詞)
How many do you need? We need two.(數(shù)詞)
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. (動(dòng)名詞)
I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said?(賓語(yǔ)從句)
2) 介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-----介賓
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 雙賓語(yǔ)-----間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
表語(yǔ)：是和系動(dòng)詞緊密相連的。在陳述句中系動(dòng)詞后面的就是表語(yǔ)，這就是“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。作表語(yǔ)的也是名詞性的詞，也可以是從句。
表語(yǔ)(predicative):系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。
He is a teacher. (名詞)
Seventy-four! You don’t look it.(代詞)
Five and five is ten.(數(shù)詞)
He is asleep. (形容詞)
His father is in. (副詞)
The picture is on the wall. (介詞短語(yǔ))
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容詞化的分詞)
To wear a flower is to say“I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring.(不定式)
The question is whether they will come. (表語(yǔ)從句)
(常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有: be, sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)), look(看起來(lái)), feel(摸起來(lái)，smell(聞起來(lái)), taste(嘗、吃起來(lái)), remain(保持，仍是), feel(感覺(jué))...
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
定語(yǔ)：修飾限定名詞、代詞的詞，說(shuō)明所修飾詞的性質(zhì)、特征等，
如 a tall boy中，tall修飾boy,tall是boy的定語(yǔ)?？勺鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)的有形容詞、名詞、副詞、定語(yǔ)從句、分詞等。不定代詞的定語(yǔ)一律后置。定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名詞)
He is our friend.(代詞)
We belong to the third world. (數(shù)詞)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容詞)
The man over there is my old friend.(副詞)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. (現(xiàn)在分詞)
The trees planted last year are growing well now.(過(guò)去分詞)
I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)
You should do everything that I do. (定語(yǔ)從句)
狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞甚至整句，說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、伴隨狀況、目的等等。 如：他在燈下看書。“在燈下”是狀語(yǔ)。
補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的成份,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的叫主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充賓語(yǔ)叫賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：他把我逗笑了。He made me laugh.主語(yǔ)：he;謂語(yǔ)：made;賓語(yǔ)：me;賓補(bǔ)：laugh.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和它補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的成份之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，這可以把它和其它成份區(qū)分開。如：上句賓語(yǔ)me和賓補(bǔ)laugh之間，laugh的動(dòng)作是me來(lái)做的。這就是一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。把這兩部分單拿出來(lái)可以成一句完整的話，即I laughed,
賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
We elected him monitor. (名詞)
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.(名)
We will make them happy.(形容詞)
We found nobody in. (副詞)
Please make yourself at home.介詞短語(yǔ))
Don’t let him do that.(省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(帶to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
I’ll have my bike repaired.(過(guò)去分詞)
主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
語(yǔ)法是句子的框架，學(xué)語(yǔ)法應(yīng)該說(shuō)是學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的一個(gè)捷徑。相對(duì)而言，句子的靈魂是詞匯，學(xué)習(xí)是個(gè)長(zhǎng)期積累過(guò)程，詞匯積累更是如此。學(xué)習(xí)也要講究方法，活學(xué)活用，在運(yùn)用中記憶，不能死記硬背。另外，語(yǔ)言都有些相通的地方，結(jié)合母語(yǔ)對(duì)照學(xué)習(xí)也很有效。
I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.
I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型
主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞 She came./ My head aches.
主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ) She likes English.
主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) She is happy.
主語(yǔ) + 雙賓動(dòng)詞 +間接賓語(yǔ) +直接賓語(yǔ) She gave John a book.
She bought a book for me.
主語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)She makes her mother angry.
The teacher asked me to read the passage.
(There +be There lies a book on the desk. )
初中英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)
(一) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)
?、?My brother doesn't do his homework.
A B C D
?、?People all over the world speak English.
A B C D
?、?You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
A B C D
?、?How many new words do you learn ?
A B C D
?、?Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
A B C D
(二) 挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)
?、?The old man is feeling very tired.
A B C D
?、?Why is he worried about Jim?
A B C D
?、?The leaves have turned yellow.
A B C D
?、?Soon They all become interested in the subject.
A B C D
?、?She is the first to learn about it.
A B C D
(三) 挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)
?、?They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.
A B C D
② What is your given name?
A B C D
?、?On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
A B C D
?、?I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
A B C D
?、?The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
A B C D
(四) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
?、?She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
A B C D
?、?He asks her to take the boy out of school.
A B C D
?、?She find it difficult to do the work.
A B C D
?、?They call me Lily sometimes.
A B C D
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
A B C D
(五) 挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)
?、?There is a big smile on her face.
A B C D
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
A B C D
?、?He began to learn English when he was eleven.
A B C D
④ The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.
A B C D
?、?With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
A B C D
(六) 劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)(
?、?Please tell us a story.
?、?My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
?、?Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
?、?Does he leave any message for me?
典型例題答案
一.寫出劃線部分的句子成分。
1. 主，謂，賓，狀 2. 定，狀
3. 表 4. 謂，賓，狀
5. 定，定 6. 謂，狀
7. 謂，賓，狀 8. 謂，狀
9. 表 10. 表
11. 定，表 12. 狀，狀
課后練習(xí)
(三) ① D ② D ③ B ④ A ⑤ B (四) ①D ②B ③D ④C ⑤B
(五) ① C ② C ③ A ④ B ⑤ B (六) ① C ② C ③ C ④ C ⑤ D
(七) ① D ② A ③ D ④ D ⑤ A (八) ① us, 間接賓語(yǔ) a story, 直接賓語(yǔ) ② me, 間接賓語(yǔ) a new bike, 直接賓語(yǔ) ③ us, 間接賓語(yǔ) history, 直接賓語(yǔ) ④ Tom, 間接賓語(yǔ) it, 直接賓語(yǔ) ⑤ me, 間接賓語(yǔ) message, 直接賓語(yǔ)