初中英語語法句子結(jié)構(gòu)

　　在初中的英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中，語音、詞匯和語法是三個(gè)非常重要的要素。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來的初中英語語法句子結(jié)構(gòu)，歡迎閱讀!

　　初中英語語法句子結(jié)構(gòu)閱讀

　　一、句子成分精講

　　句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語等。

　　主要成分：主語和謂語

　　1、主語

　　一個(gè)句子中需要加以說明或描述的對(duì)象。主語的位置：

　　The school is far from here. 名詞做主語

　　She goes to school by bike.

　　Eight is a lucky number.

　　The blind need more help. 代詞做主語 數(shù)詞做主語 名詞化的形容詞做主語

　　There is a pen on the desk. 名詞做主語

　　Predicting the future is interesting.

　　To be a doctor is my dream.

　　2、謂語

　　表示人或事物(主語)的動(dòng)作和存在的狀態(tài).

　　英語中由動(dòng)詞be、動(dòng)詞have和行為動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞 句子的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是通過謂語表現(xiàn)出來。

　　謂語動(dòng)詞往往由一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的構(gòu)成。 分析句子的主語和謂語

　　Mr. Li teaches English.

　　He can play the piano.

　　My parents and I are having dinner.

　　3、表語

　　用來說明主語的身份、特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)。

　　表語的位置

　　用在動(dòng)詞be和系動(dòng)詞的后面。

　　名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、副詞等都可以和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。 Your pen is on the desk.

　　He got very angry.

　　My dream is to have a robot. 動(dòng)名詞做主語 不定式短語做主語

　　常見的系動(dòng)詞

　　1. be動(dòng)詞

　　2. 與感覺有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等

　　3. 表示狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞，意為“變得” “變成” 如 get, grow, turn等

　　上述兩類詞作連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用形容詞作表語,千萬不能用副詞。

　　4、賓語

　　是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者。.

　　及物動(dòng)詞:直接接賓語的謂語動(dòng)詞.

　　不及物動(dòng)詞:不能直接帶賓語的謂語動(dòng)詞.

　　賓語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句構(gòu)成.

　　I saw a plane in the sky just now.

　　I want three. 名詞做賓語 數(shù)詞做賓語

　　I like going shopping. 動(dòng)名詞做賓語

　　We think predicting the future is hard.

　　5、賓語補(bǔ)足語(賓補(bǔ)) 賓語從句

　　有些及物動(dòng)詞除了要有一個(gè)賓語之外, 還須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語。如果沒有補(bǔ)足語(賓補(bǔ)), 有時(shí)候句子的意思就不完整。 充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的有:

　　1. 形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語

　　The sun keeps us warm.

　　2. 介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語:

　　I found her in the room.

　　3. 副詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

　　Please let him in.

　　4. 名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

　　We made him monitor of the class.

　　5. 動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞也能用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

　　I asked him to come.

　　6、定語

　　定語修飾名詞或代詞(即在漢語里的……的)

　　1. 形容詞作定語(一般放在被修飾語之前,修飾不定代詞時(shí)放在后面)

　　They have a clever son.

　　I have something important to tell you.

　　2. 名詞作定語:

　　Is it a color film?

　　名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)形式, 如:

　　school bus, ticket office, paper flowers

　　但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop

　　man 和 woman修飾的名詞如果是復(fù)數(shù),它們總以復(fù)數(shù)的形式作定語,如:

　　men drivers , women doctors

　　3. 代詞作定語:

　　This song is better than that one.

　　4. 數(shù)詞作定語:

　　There are only thirty students in our class.

　　帶有數(shù)字的復(fù)合形容詞.當(dāng)復(fù)合形容詞用連字號(hào)連接時(shí),其中的名詞要用單數(shù)形式.

　　a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy

　　5. 副詞作定語():

　　Do you know the young man over there?

　　6. 介詞短語作定語(放在被修飾詞之后):

　　The students in our class like swimming.

　　7、狀語

　　1. 副詞作狀語:

　　The old man is walking slowly.

　　The boy is very clever.

　　2. 介詞短語作狀語: 表方式 表程度

　　I have lived in Shanghai for five years.

　　3. 不定式作狀語 表時(shí)間

　　I come here to see you.

　　4. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語 表目的

　　The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式

　　5. 狀語從句

　　We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

　　狀語的位置

　　1. 在一般情況下,用于句末。

　　We like our school very much.

　　2.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語,可以把它放在句首.

　　I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.

　　3. 表頻度的副詞通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,

　　用于行為動(dòng)詞前,be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后

　　I usually get up early.

　　He is often late.

　　一些副詞, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似 sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末

　　only 在句中的位置比較靈活, 但位置不同, 意義也不同.

　　The actor only sang a song.

　　Only the actor sang a song.

　　The actor sang only one song.

　　兩個(gè)或多個(gè)狀語同時(shí)修飾時(shí)的順序

　　1. 地點(diǎn)狀語在前, 時(shí)間狀語在后.

　　We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.

　　2. 較小單位的狀語在前,由小到大

　　Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.

　　3. 一個(gè)句子有幾個(gè)不同種類的副詞作狀語, 其順序大都是: 程度副詞,方式副詞, 地點(diǎn)副詞, 時(shí)間副詞 She sang very well at the meeting last night.

　　時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語也可以位于句首, 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或使上下文更為連貫

　　Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.

　　初中英語語法句子結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)

　　一、把下列陳述句改為一般疑問句并作簡(jiǎn)略回答。 (28分)

　　1.There is no water in the bottle.

　　2.She can sing and dance very well.

　　3.He has a brother in the United States.

　　4.It often rains in summer here.

　　5.Her cousin lives in Suzhou.

　　6.They always played together at that time.

　　7.Tom got home very late yesterday.

　　二、翻譯下列各句 (16分)

　　1.咱們一起玩吧!

　　2.請(qǐng)不要遲到.

　　3.回答這個(gè)問題.

　　4.我來打開窗戶好嗎?

　　三、把下列的句子改為感嘆句。(答案不唯一) (20分) ⒈ A: Jill is drawing a beautiful picture.

　?、?A: Mr. Wang is a busy man.

　?、?A: The cat is very happy.

　?、?A: The tractor is going very slowly.

　　⒌ A: He is very lucky.

　?、?A: It is a wet day today.

　　⒎ A: They started early.

　?、?A: They waited a long time.

　?、?A: He is wearing a large shirt.

　　⒑ A: The dolphin is playing happily.

　　四、找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并改寫為正確的句子。(16分)

　　1、I did lost my wallet yesterday.

　　2、The soup smell terrible.

　　3、John don’t like rock music.

　　4、He must knows the chairman.

　　5、Do Frank come from England?

　　6、Stop talk, class begins.

　　7、How is delicious the soup!

　　8、Let go shopping now.

　　五、連詞成句并說出意思 (20分)

　　1、has, every, he, three, meals, day.

　　2、is, this, interesting, film, how!

　　3、she, speak, not, French, can?