初中英語(yǔ)的句子成分分析法
初中英語(yǔ)的句子成分分析法
初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的主要目標(biāo)是讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)英語(yǔ)句子進(jìn)行成分分析,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的寫作能力。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來的初中英語(yǔ)句子成分，歡迎閱讀!
初中英語(yǔ)句子成分學(xué)習(xí)
句子成分：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等。
主要成分：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)
1、主語(yǔ)
一個(gè)句子中需要加以說明或描述的對(duì)象。主語(yǔ)的位置：
一般位于句首，由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。 The school is far from here. 名詞做主語(yǔ)
She goes to school by bike.
Eight is a lucky number.
The blind need more help. 代詞做主語(yǔ) 數(shù)詞做主語(yǔ) 名詞化的形容詞做主語(yǔ)
There is a pen on the desk. 名詞做主語(yǔ)
Predicting the future is interesting.
To be a doctor is my dream.
2、謂語(yǔ)
表示人或事物(主語(yǔ))的動(dòng)作和存在的狀態(tài).
英語(yǔ)中由動(dòng)詞be、動(dòng)詞have和行為動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 句子的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過謂語(yǔ)表現(xiàn)出來。
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往由一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的構(gòu)成。 分析句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)
Mr. Li teaches English.
He can play the piano.
My parents and I are having dinner.
3、表語(yǔ)
用來說明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)。
表語(yǔ)的位置
用在動(dòng)詞be和系動(dòng)詞的后面。
名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞等都可以和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。 Your pen is on the desk.
He got very angry.
My dream is to have a robot.
動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ) 不定式短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)
常見的系動(dòng)詞
1. be動(dòng)詞
2. 與感覺有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等
3. 表示狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞，意為“變得” “變成” 如 get, grow, turn等
上述兩類詞作連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用形容詞作表語(yǔ),千萬(wàn)不能用副詞。
4、賓語(yǔ)
是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者。及物動(dòng)詞:直接接賓語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.
不及物動(dòng)詞:不能直接帶賓語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.
賓語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句構(gòu)成.
I saw a plane in the sky just now.
I want three. 名詞做賓語(yǔ) 數(shù)詞做賓語(yǔ)
I like going shopping. 動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)
We think predicting the future is hard.
5、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(賓補(bǔ)) 賓語(yǔ)從句
有些及物動(dòng)詞除了要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)之外, 還須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如果沒有補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(賓補(bǔ)), 有時(shí)候句子的意思就不完整。 充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的有:
1. 形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
The sun keeps us warm.
2. 介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):
I found her in the room.
3. 副詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
Please let him in.
4. 名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
We made him monitor of the class.
5. 動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞也能用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
I asked him to come.
6、定語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞(即在漢語(yǔ)里的……的)
1. 形容詞作定語(yǔ)(一般放在被修飾語(yǔ)之前,修飾不定代詞時(shí)放在后面)
They have a clever son.
I have something important to tell you.
2. 名詞作定語(yǔ):
Is it a color film?
名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式, 如:
school bus, ticket office, paper flowers
但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop
man 和 woman修飾的名詞如果是復(fù)數(shù),它們總以復(fù)數(shù)的形式作定語(yǔ),如:
men drivers , women doctors
3. 代詞作定語(yǔ):
This song is better than that one.
4. 數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ):
There are only thirty students in our class.
帶有數(shù)字的復(fù)合形容詞.當(dāng)復(fù)合形容詞用連字號(hào)連接時(shí),其中的名詞要用單數(shù)形式.
a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy
5. 副詞作定語(yǔ)():
Do you know the young man over there?
6. 介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)(The students in our class like swimming.
7、狀語(yǔ)
修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞或副詞,有的修飾全句, 用以說明地點(diǎn), 時(shí)間, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 結(jié)果, 條件, 讓步等.
1. 副詞作狀語(yǔ):
The old man is walking slowly.
The boy is very clever.
2. 介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ): 表方式 表程度
I have lived in Shanghai for five years.
3. 不定式作狀語(yǔ) 表時(shí)間
I come here to see you.
4. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ) 表目的
The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式
5. 狀語(yǔ)從句
We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
狀語(yǔ)的位置
1. 在一般情況下,用于句末。
We like our school very much.
2.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ),可以把它放在句首.
I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.
3. 表頻度的副詞通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,
用于行為動(dòng)詞前,be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后
I usually get up early.
He is often late.
一些副詞, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似 sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末
only 在句中的位置比較靈活, 但位置不同, 意義也不同.
The actor only sang a song.
Only the actor sang a song.
The actor sang only one song.
兩個(gè)或多個(gè)狀語(yǔ)同時(shí)修飾時(shí)的順序
1. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)在前, 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)在后.
We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.
2. 較小單位的狀語(yǔ)在前,由小到大
Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.
3. 一個(gè)句子有幾個(gè)不同種類的副詞作狀語(yǔ), 其順序大都是: 程度副詞,方式副詞, 地點(diǎn)副詞, 時(shí)間副詞 She sang very well at the meeting last night.
時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)也可以位于句首, 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或使上下文更為連貫
Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.
初中英語(yǔ)句子成分練習(xí)
I.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，并與A-D的漢語(yǔ)翻譯相匹配。
impress; pour; speak 1. Once ______, a word becomes a promise.
2. Once ______, water cannot be taken back again.
3. ______ by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time.
A.覆水難收 B.流連忘返 C.一言既出，駟馬難追
II.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. ______ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us.
2. ______ (give) time, he’ll make a first class tennis player.
3. ______ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground.
III.將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1.由于被媽媽所說的話所感動(dòng)，我忍不住哭了起來。
2.如果給我們一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，我們將給大家一個(gè)非常好的表演。
3.當(dāng)問到他出生在哪里時(shí)，約翰說他是紐約人。