英語(yǔ)小短文帶翻譯閱讀
英語(yǔ)作為一門(mén)國(guó)際通用語(yǔ),在21世紀(jì)已經(jīng)向著多元化、多功能化的方向發(fā)展。本文是英語(yǔ)小短文帶翻譯，希望對(duì)大家有幫助!
英語(yǔ)小短文帶翻譯：會(huì)多種語(yǔ)言的人更聰明嗎?
Are People Who Speak More than One Language Smarter?
In the early nineteen fifties, researchers found that people scored lower on intelligence tests if they spoke more than one language. Research in the sixties found the opposite. Bilingual people scored higher than monolinguals-people who speak only one language. So which is it?
20世紀(jì)50年代早期，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)掌握超過(guò)一門(mén)語(yǔ)言的人在智力測(cè)試上得分更低。而60年代研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)則恰恰相反，“雙語(yǔ)者”比只懂一種語(yǔ)言的“單語(yǔ)者”得分更高。那么，哪個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)是正確的呢?
Researchers presented their newest studies last month at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The latest evidence shows that being bilingual does not necessarily make people smarter. But researcher Ellen Bialystock says it probably does make you better at certain skills.
研究人員上個(gè)月在美國(guó)科學(xué)促進(jìn)會(huì)的一次會(huì)議上介紹了他們的最新研究成果。最新證據(jù)表明，通曉雙語(yǔ)并不能使人更聰明。但研究人員艾倫·比亞斯表示，它會(huì)使你在某些技能上表現(xiàn)更好。
Ellen Bialystock:"Imagine driving down the highway. There are many things that could capture your attention and you really need to be able to monitor all of them. Why would bilingualism make you any better at that?"
比雅利斯托克：“想像一下在高速公路上開(kāi)車(chē)，可能會(huì)有很多吸引你注意力的東西，你必須能夠同時(shí)關(guān)注所有這一些。為什么雙語(yǔ)環(huán)境可能會(huì)讓你在這方面表現(xiàn)更好呢?”
And the answer, she says, is that bilingual people are often better at controlling their attention - a function called the executive control system.
她表示，答案就是“雙語(yǔ)者”更善于控制自己的注意力，這種能力也被稱為行為控制系統(tǒng)。
Ellen Biaystock:'It's quite possibly the most important cognitive system we have because it's where all of your decisions about what to attend to, what to ignore, what to process are made."
艾倫·比亞斯托：“這可能是人類具備的最重要的認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)。因?yàn)槟阕龀鰧Ｗ?、忽略、?zhí)行的決定時(shí)都離不開(kāi)它。”
Ms. Biaystock is a psychology professor at York University in Toronto, Canada. She says the best method to measure the executive control system is called the Stroop Test. A person is shown words in different colors. The person has to ignore the word but say the color. The problem is that the words are all names of colors.
比亞斯托是加拿大約克大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授。她表示，衡量行為控制系統(tǒng)能力最好的辦法是斯特魯測(cè)驗(yàn)(Stroop Test)。該測(cè)試向被測(cè)試者展示各種不同顏色的單詞。被測(cè)試者需要忽略單詞本身，說(shuō)出字體的顏色。難點(diǎn)在于，這些單詞都是一些顏色的名稱。
Ellen Bialystock:"So you would have the word blue written in red, but you have to say red. But blue is so salient, it's just lighting up all these circuits in your brain, and you really want to say blue. So you need a mechanism to override that so that you can say red. That's the executive control system."
艾倫·比亞斯托：“因此，‘藍(lán)色’這個(gè)單詞可能是用紅色書(shū)寫(xiě)的，而你必須說(shuō)‘紅色’。但‘藍(lán)色’這兩個(gè)字非常突出，它一直閃現(xiàn)在你的大腦中，你很想說(shuō)‘藍(lán)色’。這時(shí)你就需要一種抑制該想法的系統(tǒng)，你才能說(shuō)出‘紅色’。這就是行為控制系統(tǒng)。”
Her work shows that bilingual people continually practice this function. They have to, because both languages are active in their brain at the same time. They need to suppress one to be able to speak in the other.
她的研究表明，“雙語(yǔ)者”在不斷鍛煉這種能力，因?yàn)閮煞N語(yǔ)言同時(shí)都在他們大腦中活躍，他們必須抑制一種語(yǔ)言，才能用另一種語(yǔ)言表達(dá)。
英語(yǔ)小短文帶翻譯：網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛擬學(xué)校到底好不好?
Is Network Virtual Schools Really Well?
Forty-two of the fifty American states offered some kind of public online learning this past school year. One state, Michigan, now requires all students to have an online learning experience before they finish high school.
過(guò)去的一個(gè)學(xué)年，美國(guó)50個(gè)州中有42個(gè)州提供了某種形式的公共網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)?，F(xiàn)在，密歇根州要求所有學(xué)生在高中畢業(yè)之前都有網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷。
Even the idea of a school has changed since the rise of the Internet in the nineteen nineties.
自90年代互聯(lián)網(wǎng)興起以來(lái)，學(xué)校的理念甚至都已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化。
A new report from the Center for Evaluation and Education Policy at Indiana University says eighteen states have full-time virtual schools. There are no buildings. All classes are online.
印第安納大學(xué)評(píng)估和教育政策中心一份新的報(bào)告稱，18個(gè)州擁有全日制虛擬學(xué)校，沒(méi)有校舍，所有的課程都是在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上學(xué)習(xí)。
Online learners might work at different times. But there might be set times for class discussions — by text, voice or video — and virtual office hours for teachers.
網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)院可以在不同的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)，但是課堂討論必須在既定的時(shí)間進(jìn)行——通過(guò)短信、音頻或視頻——對(duì)于教師來(lái)說(shuō)也有固定的虛擬工作時(shí)間。
Flofida started the first statewide public virtual school in the United States in nineteen ninety-seven.
1997年，佛羅里達(dá)開(kāi)設(shè)了美國(guó)首個(gè)全州范圍的公里虛擬學(xué)校。
Today, the Florida Virtual School offers more than ninety courses. Fifty-six thousand students were enrolled as of December. Almost sixty percent were female. The school's Web site says each student was enrolled in an average of two classes.
今天，佛羅里達(dá)虛擬學(xué)校提供了90多門(mén)課程。截止到12月份，已有5.6萬(wàn)名學(xué)生入學(xué)，其中接近60%的學(xué)生是女性。該學(xué)校網(wǎng)站稱，每個(gè)學(xué)生都參加平均兩個(gè)班級(jí)。
Two-thirds were also enrolled in public or charter schools. Charter schools are privately operated with public money. Other students are home-schooled or in private school.
三分之二的學(xué)生同時(shí)還在公立學(xué)?；蛘卦S學(xué)校就讀。政府特許學(xué)校由私人運(yùn)營(yíng)，但是由公眾提供資金。其他學(xué)生則在家接受教育或在私立學(xué)校就讀。
Florida Virtual School has now opened the Florida Virtual Global School. Students in other countries pay for classes. Janet Heiking teaches an English class. She lives in Indianapolis, Indiana. Her students live as far away as Africa and Japan.
佛羅里達(dá)虛擬學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在開(kāi)設(shè)了佛羅里達(dá)虛擬全球?qū)W校。其他國(guó)家的學(xué)生繳納費(fèi)用來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。珍妮特·海靖是一個(gè)英語(yǔ)班的教師。她住在印第安納州的印第安納波利斯。她的學(xué)生則遠(yuǎn)在非洲甚至日本。
So how good are virtual schools? Students have shown mixed results, as that new report from Indiana University notes.
那么，虛擬學(xué)校到底怎么樣呢?印第安納大學(xué)這份報(bào)告指出，研究表明，表明學(xué)校水平參差不齊。
For example, students at Florida Virtual School earned higher grades than those taking the same courses the traditional way. And they scored higher on a statewide test.
例如，佛羅里達(dá)虛擬學(xué)校的學(xué)生比按照傳統(tǒng)方法學(xué)習(xí)同樣課程的學(xué)生取得的分?jǐn)?shù)更高。在全州的考試中，他們的分?jǐn)?shù)也更高。
But virtual school students in Kansas and Colorado had lower test scores or performed at a lower level than traditional learners.
但是，堪薩斯和科羅拉多虛擬學(xué)校的學(xué)生則比傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)生得分更低，表現(xiàn)更差。
Educaiton experts say the mixed results suggest the need for more research to find the best ways to teach in virtual schools. Also, they say schools of education need to train more teachers to work in both physical and virtual classrooms.
教育專家表示，這些表現(xiàn)不一的結(jié)果表明，需要進(jìn)行更多的研究來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)最佳的虛擬學(xué)校教學(xué)方法。同時(shí)，他們說(shuō)，教育類學(xué)校需要培養(yǎng)更多教師，能夠同時(shí)在實(shí)體和虛擬教室授課。
英語(yǔ)小短文帶翻譯：環(huán)境運(yùn)動(dòng)的勇士
A Top Gun for the Environmental Movement
Wilma Subra had no intention of becoming a public speaker. After graduating from college with degress in chemistry and microbiology, she went to work at Gulf South Research Institute in Louisiana.
威爾瑪·蘇夫拉原來(lái)沒(méi)有想過(guò)要成為一名公共演說(shuō)家。她大學(xué)畢業(yè)拿到了化學(xué)和微生物學(xué)學(xué)位后，就職于路易斯安那州南海灣研究所。
As part of her job, she conducted field research on toxic substances in the environment, often in minority communities located near large industrial pollutrs. She found many families were being exposed to high, sometimes deadly levels of chemicals and other toxic substances. But she was not allowed to make her information public.
作為工作職責(zé)的一部分，她從事環(huán)境有害物質(zhì)方面的土地研究，調(diào)研地區(qū)經(jīng)常是大型工業(yè)污染源附近的少數(shù)族裔社區(qū)。她發(fā)現(xiàn)許多家庭暴露于高度的，甚至是致命的化學(xué)物和其他有害物質(zhì)中。但是她無(wú)權(quán)將她的信息公之于眾。
Frustrated by these restrictions, Subra left her job in 1981, created her own company and has devoted the past two decades to helping people fight back against giant industrial polluters. She works with families and community groups to conduct environmental tests and hybrid test results, and organize for change.
受困于這些制約，蘇夫拉在1981年離開(kāi)了她的工作，創(chuàng)立了自己的公司，并且在過(guò)去的20年中幫助人們與大型工業(yè)污染源抗?fàn)?。她與居民家庭和社區(qū)團(tuán)體一起努力進(jìn)行環(huán)境測(cè)試，混合測(cè)試結(jié)果，組織活動(dòng)以改變環(huán)境。
Because of her efforts, dozens of toxic sites across the counry have been cleaned up. And one chemical industry spokesperson calls her "a top gun" for the environmental movement.
因?yàn)樗呐Γ榧叭珖?guó)的大量有害地區(qū)被清理干凈了。一家化工企業(yè)的發(fā)言人稱她是環(huán)境運(yùn)動(dòng)的“勇士”。
How has Subra achieved all this? Partly through her scientific training, partly through her commitment to environmental justice. But just as important is her ability to communicate with people through public speaking. "Public speaking," she says, "is the primary vehicle I use for reaching people."
蘇夫拉是怎樣做到這一切的呢?部分原因是她科學(xué)的訓(xùn)練，部分是因?yàn)樗非蟓h(huán)境公平的奉獻(xiàn)精神。但是，同樣重要的原因還有她借助公共演說(shuō)與他人交流的能力。“公共演說(shuō)，”她談到，“是我與人們溝通的主要工具。”
If you had asked Subra before 1981, do you see yourself as a major public speaker? She would have laughed at the idea. Yet today she gives more than one hundred presentations a year. Along the way, she's lectured at Harvard, testified before congress, and addressed audiences in 40 states, as well as in Mexico, Canada, and Japan.
如果在1981年之前，我問(wèn)蘇夫拉，你認(rèn)為自己是一位重要的公共演說(shuō)家嗎?她可能會(huì)對(duì)此一笑置之。然而，在今天，她每年要進(jìn)行100多場(chǎng)演講。她一直堅(jiān)持這條路，她在哈佛大學(xué)發(fā)表演說(shuō)，在國(guó)會(huì)發(fā)表聲明，向來(lái)自于美國(guó)40個(gè)州，以及墨西哥、加拿大和日本的觀眾進(jìn)行演說(shuō)。
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