高考英語語法句子

　　非謂語動(dòng)詞一直是英語語法中的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，搞懂了非謂語動(dòng)詞，就可以讓自己的寫作水平上升一個(gè)臺(tái)階。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來的，歡迎閱讀!

　　英語語法——句子結(jié)構(gòu)

　　在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系，按照不同的關(guān)系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)。英語的基本成分有六種：主語(subject)、謂語(predicate)、表語(predicative)、賓語(object)、定語(attribute)和狀語(adverbial)。

　　英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。

　　英語五種基本句型列式如下：

　　一： S V (主+謂)

　　二： S V P (主+系+表)

　　三： S V O (主+謂+賓)

　　四： S V o O (主+謂+間賓+直賓)

　　五： S V O C (主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))

　　主+謂

　　1.S(主) + Vi(不及物動(dòng)詞)(謂)

　　Time flies.

　　1) S + V + adverbial(狀語)

　　Birds sing beautifully.

　　2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介詞短語)

　　He went on holiday.

　　3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式)

　　We stopped to have a rest.

　　4) S + Vi+ Participle (分詞)

　　I'll go swimming.

　　主+謂+賓

　　1) S + Vt + N/Pron

　　I like music. I like her.

　　2) S + Vt + to do (不定式)

　　I want to help him.

　　常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。

　　3) S + Vt + doing

　　I enjoy living here.

　　常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。

　　4) S + Vt + That-從句

　　I don't think (that) he is right.

　　常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：Admit, believe, doubt, expect, explain, feel...

　　主+系+表

　　S (主)+ V(謂)(lv)( 系動(dòng)詞)+ P(表)

　　We are Chinese.

　　除了be 系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，1)表感官的動(dòng)詞，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2) 表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表瞬時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他動(dòng)詞 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。

　　1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名詞/代詞)

　　He is a boy.

　　This is mine.

　　2) S + Lv + Adj(形容詞)

　　She is beautiful.

　　3) S + Lv + Adv (副詞)

　　Class is over.

　　4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase

　　He is in good health.

　　5) S + Lv + Participle(分詞)

　　He is excited.

　　The film is interesting.

　　主+謂+間賓+直賓

　　S (主)+ VT (謂)+ Oi(間接 賓)+ Od(直接賓)

　　I give you help.

　　1) S + Vt + N/Pron + N

　　I sent him a book.

　　I bought May a book.

　　上述句型可以變?yōu)椋篠 + Vt + N/Pron + To/for-phrase

　　He sent a book to me.

　　He bought a coat for me.

　　2) S + Vt + N/Pron + That-clause

　　He told me that the film was great.

　　常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warn等。

　　3) S + Vt + N/Pron + Wh-Clause

　　He asked me what he should do.

　　常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.

　　主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)

　　S (主)+ Vt(謂)+ O(賓) + C(賓補(bǔ))

　　I make you clear.

　　1) S + Vt + N/Pron + N

　　We named our baby Tom.

　　常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。

　　2) S + Vt + N/Pron + Adj

　　He painted the wall white.

　　常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。

　　3) S + Vt + N/Pron + Prep Phrase

　　She always keeps everything in good order.

　　4) S + Vt+ N/Pron + to do

　　I wish you to stay.

　　I made him work

　　常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：

　　5) S + Vt + N/Pron + Participle (分詞)

　　I heard my name called.

　　I feel something moving.

　　6)S + Vt + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive(不定式)

　　He show me how to do it.

　　常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。

　　句子的擴(kuò)展

　　常用的英語句子除了基本句型的成分不變通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語(modifier)而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語可以是單詞(主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞)，也可以是 各種類型的短語(主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語)。

　　We found the hall full.

　　我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。

　　We found the great hall full of students and teachers.

　　我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。

　　We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。

　　We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.

　　我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢(shì)的重要報(bào)告。