壓力來(lái)自哪里？朋友也是壓力源（雙語(yǔ)）

　　摘要:已經(jīng)嘗試過(guò)很多解壓妙方，可還是容易緊張不安?或許存在某些“誘壓因素”，而你卻不曾察覺吧。下面這些事情就很可能會(huì)加重壓力：

　　You've tried all the popular remedies for stress, but you're still jittery and tense. Perhaps there are some things causing you stress that you didn't even know about. Here are some surprising factors that can be adding to your stress:

　　Noise: Exposing yourself to loud noises can wear on you because it activates your flight-or-flight response, triggering higher adrenaline and blood pressure, says author A.J. Jacobs in his book Drop Dead Healthy: One Man's Humble Quest For Bodily Perfection. Jacobs cites a study that compared kids at a public school who studied in quiet settings versus those who were in classrooms that heard a train go by every five minutes. Those in the quiet setting were one year ahead in reading by the sixth grade. Another study showed that people who worked at noisy jobs had two to three times the heart problems than those who worked in quiet environments. If we're hearing loud noises all day long, our mind and body will keep activating the fight-or-flight response, which means we don't get the much-needed downtime.

　　已經(jīng)嘗試過(guò)很多解壓妙方，可還是容易緊張不安?或許存在某些“誘壓因素”，而你卻不曾察覺吧。下面這些事情就很可能會(huì)加重壓力：

　　嗓音：A.J.雅各布斯在《杜絕致命因素：追求完美健康》中寫道：“尖銳的噪音對(duì)人體大有危害，它能誘發(fā)“戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑反應(yīng)”，使腎上腺素和血壓增加。雅各布斯還引用了如下試驗(yàn)研究：一組學(xué)生在安靜的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，另一組學(xué)生每隔五分鐘就能從教室里聽到外面火車經(jīng)過(guò)的噪音，對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)，到六年級(jí)時(shí)，第一組學(xué)生的閱讀能力明顯領(lǐng)先一年。另外還有研究表明，在嘈雜環(huán)境工作的人患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是在安靜環(huán)境工作的人的2-3倍。如果整天面對(duì)尖銳噪音，人體會(huì)不間斷地出現(xiàn)“戰(zhàn)逃反應(yīng)”，一刻不得安寧。

　　Your friends: Who you spend time with has a huge effect on you, including your mental, physical, and emotional health. In fact, Jacobs also mentions a 2007 study from The New England Journal of Medicine in which scientists concluded that gaining and losing weight can be socially contagious. A person was more than 57 percent more likely to be obese if he or she has a pal that became obese. The same researchers of the study also say that happiness can spread between friends. This may mean that your friends being stressed out can affect your own levels of stress.

　　朋友：經(jīng)常接觸的人對(duì)我們的身心及情緒健康大有影響。雅各布斯還列舉了2007年《新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上刊登的一項(xiàng)研究：科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，變瘦或發(fā)胖也有“社交傳染性”。如果一個(gè)人有肥胖的朋友，那這個(gè)人也極有可能發(fā)胖。相關(guān)研究人員還表示，快樂(lè)也能在朋友之間傳染。同理，如果朋友壓力山大，你難免也會(huì)感到緊張不安。

　　Venting: You may think that dumping your problems on a friend repeatedly will make you feel better, but a study by the University of Kent in England found that people with perfectionist tendencies feel worse after venting. And it doesn't just apply to perfectionists, says social psychologist Brad J. Bushman. Venting isn't an effective strategy to deal with setbacks; acceptance, humor, and positive thinking are a better ways of coping.

　　發(fā)泄：或許你覺得不斷向朋友發(fā)泄情緒無(wú)可厚非，但根據(jù)英格蘭肯特大學(xué)的研究顯示，具有完美主義傾向的人往往發(fā)泄后會(huì)感到更加沮喪。社會(huì)心理學(xué)家布拉德-布什曼認(rèn)為，不單是完美主義者，其他人也或多或少有這種感覺。發(fā)泄并不利于處理挫折，相反，接受、幽默和積極心態(tài)更有幫助。

　　Mom and dad: Your ability to deal with stress can be inherited from mom and dad. A study on about 600 twins, found that being raised in the same environment had less impact on stress management than shared genes. This means that changing the environment or situation may not alleviate your stress, but it may be more effective because acknowledging and working with your predisposition can help.

　　父母：抗壓能力也受父母遺傳。某項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查了600對(duì)雙胞胎，發(fā)現(xiàn)相同基因?qū)箟耗芰Φ挠绊戇h(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)相同環(huán)境。也就是說(shuō)，改變環(huán)境不一定能緩解壓力。認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)或許反倒更能應(yīng)付壓力。

　　Open-plan offices: It's not exactly news that your job can raise your stress levels, but the setup of your office is also a contributing factor. Many studies have shown that open-plan offices can lead to more stress among employees. Perhaps it's related to the fact that noise triggers the fight-or-flight response.

　　開放式辦公室：眾所周知，工作是壓力的一大來(lái)源。其實(shí)，辦公室的布局也會(huì)引發(fā)壓力。已經(jīng)有許多研究表明，開放式辦公室更容易造成員工之間的壓力，其中包括可能誘發(fā)“戰(zhàn)逃反應(yīng)”的噪音因素。

　　Surfing the web and texting before bed: Using certain forms of technology right before bed can stress you out. One study showed that people who texted and surfed within two hours of going to bed had greater stress levels than those who didn't, says LiveScience. However, not all forms of technology engagement increases stress. Watching TV and responding to emails apparently don't have an adverse effect.

　　睡前上網(wǎng)或發(fā)短信：睡覺前玩電子產(chǎn)品會(huì)增加壓力。《生活科學(xué)》報(bào)道說(shuō)，研究顯示，睡前2小時(shí)上網(wǎng)或發(fā)短信的人壓力相對(duì)較大。當(dāng)然，并不是所有電子產(chǎn)品都會(huì)引起壓力。比如，看電視或回郵件就不會(huì)造成惡性影響。

　　Booze: Alcohol and stress are found to feed off each other. Drinking when you're stressed out can prolong and increase the tension you feel from the stressor.

　　喝酒：酒精與壓力形影不離。正所謂“借酒消愁愁更愁”，喝酒最終只會(huì)使人更加緊張激動(dòng)。