經(jīng)典的優(yōu)秀文摘范文短篇
我們有時(shí)間可以看看英語文摘的話就多多看看，所以小編今天就給大家分享一下英語文摘，看看收藏哦
世界人口 The World s Population
The first fifty years of the next millennium will be critical for the world's population. By 2050 population growth should have leveled off, but by then we'll have 10 billion people--two-thirds as many again as we have today. The rate of population growth is something we can choose right now, though: it's not something that just happens, but a matter of human choice. The choice is a complicated one,with many variables, but it remains a choice.
新千年的前50年對世界人口來說是至關(guān)重要的，到2050年，世界人口將趨于平穩(wěn)，但到那時(shí)，世界人口將達(dá)到100億，比現(xiàn)在多2/3。但人D增長率是我們現(xiàn)在能選擇的事：它不是順應(yīng)天意而產(chǎn)生的，而是人類的選擇。這一選擇相當(dāng)復(fù)雜，有許多因素，但它依然是一種選擇。
If we want to prevent a population explosion, we should take action now -or assist the poorer countries to do so. They need better government, better institutions, better labor and capital markets, better schools. Anything that increases the value of women's time and adds to the cost of caring for a child makes a woman less likely to have that child. Since big families are often seen as safety nets for illness and old age, improving poor people's access to insurance, pensions and welfare institutions also has a major impact. This can be as simple as rural credit, providing a means of saving. Finally, there is education--both for women and, perhaps even more important, for the next generation of children.
要想避免人口爆炸，我們現(xiàn)在就應(yīng)采取行動——或者說應(yīng)幫助比較窮的國家來控制人口，因?yàn)樗麄冃枰玫恼C(jī)構(gòu)、勞動力及資本市場和學(xué)校。任何使一個(gè)婦女增加撫養(yǎng)孩子的時(shí)間或撫養(yǎng)孩子費(fèi)用的事都使得那個(gè)婦女不太想要這個(gè)孩子。由于大家庭經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是年老生病時(shí)的安全網(wǎng)，讓窮人進(jìn)一步獲得保險(xiǎn)、退休金和福利機(jī)構(gòu)的幫助也會在控制人口生育上起重大作用。這可以像農(nóng)村信用制度那樣簡單，為人們提供一種儲蓄的手段。最后還有教育問題——既有對婦女的教育，也有更重要的對下一代的教育。
These steps are there to be taken, but there appear to be some countries that are not seriously trying at the moment. If we cannot achieve that we will certainly not control population.
以上這些都是應(yīng)采取的措施，但看來有些國家目前并沒有認(rèn)真去做，如果我們不能做到這一點(diǎn)，我們就不能控制人口。
That said, I don't feel pessimistic that we are going to run out of resources: we are becoming more efficient at producing food faster than the rate at which population is increasing. There is, however, a risk that we will wreck the environment so effectively that the world will no longer be an attractive place to live. That really would be a dismal outcome, to reach world population equilibrium only to find we'd destroyed the natural environment in the process.
及此，我對我們資源殆盡并不悲觀：我們生產(chǎn)糧食的速度超過了人口增長的速度。然而，我們也存在這樣的危險(xiǎn)：我們會徹底毀壞環(huán)境，以致于地球?qū)⒉辉偈且粋€(gè)吸引人居住的地方。那確實(shí)是一個(gè)可悲的結(jié)果：實(shí)現(xiàn)了人口的平衡卻換來了自然環(huán)境的破壞。
生存和毀滅 Live and Die
The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth's vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings,has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species--man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.
地球上生命的歷史一直就是一部生物與其環(huán)境相互作用的歷史。在很大程度上，地球上動植物的形態(tài)以及習(xí)性都是由外部環(huán)境所塑造的。考慮到地球上生命存在的整個(gè)時(shí)間，相反作用——即生命對其周圍環(huán)境的實(shí)際改變作用一卻相對很小。只有在當(dāng)前這個(gè)世紀(jì)才有一個(gè)物種——人類，獲得了強(qiáng)大的力量，改變了其所生存的世界的自然狀態(tài)。
During the past quarter century this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character.The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contaminatien of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world, the very nature of it's life.
在過去的l/4世紀(jì)中，這種力量不僅日趨強(qiáng)大，而且其性質(zhì)也發(fā)生了變化。在人類破壞環(huán)境的種種行為中，最令人擔(dān)憂的是人類向大氣、土壤、河流以及海洋中排放危險(xiǎn)甚至致命物質(zhì)，而當(dāng)今這種污染在很大程度上是無法挽救的。在當(dāng)今這種對環(huán)境的普遍污染中，化學(xué)制品與輻射狼狽為奸，改變著地球的自然狀態(tài)，也就是改變著地球上生命自然狀態(tài)。
It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the life that now inhabits the earth. Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts, and a balance has been reached. But in the modern world there is no time.
地球歷經(jīng)了許多億年才創(chuàng)造了棲息其上的生命。經(jīng)過了一定時(shí)間——不是以若干年計(jì)算而是以上千年計(jì)算的時(shí)間——生命開始適應(yīng)環(huán)境，并形成了一種與環(huán)境的平衡。但是在當(dāng)今世界，時(shí)間這一因素已經(jīng)沒有了。
It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be used. I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge. I contend,furthermore, that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife, and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.
我不是說人類決不能使用化學(xué)殺蟲劑。我要說的是，我們不分青紅皂白地將這些有毒的、具有強(qiáng)大生物功能的化學(xué)制品，交給了那些對這些制品的潛在危害基本上或者完全無知的人去使用。我們使眾多的人接觸這些有毒物質(zhì)，卻沒有征得他們的同意，并常常將他們蒙在鼓中、我還要說的一點(diǎn)是，我們允許使用這些化學(xué)制品，卻事先很少或者根本沒有調(diào)查它們對土壤、水、野生生物以及人類自身造成的影響。我們?nèi)狈θf物賴以生存的自然界生態(tài)統(tǒng)一的關(guān)心，對此，我們的后代是不可能原諒的。
冬眠 Hibernation
ibernation is more than sleep. It is a very deep sleep.The animal's temperature drops to just over zero centigrade,and its heart beats very slowly. People who find hibernating animals asleep often think that they are dead: the body feels very cold, and the creature may breathe only once every five minutes. A hibernating animal cannot feel any pain. You can touch it, or even pull its tail, without causing it to move or wake up. In its hibernating state it can even live in a poisonous atmosphere for a long time without any ill effect.
冬眠不僅僅是睡眠，而是一種沉睡。動物的體溫降到剛好在零攝氏度以上，心臟跳動非常緩慢。人們看到處于冬眠狀態(tài)的動物，常常以為它們是死的：身體摸上去冰涼，可能每5分鐘才呼吸一次。冬眠的動物感覺不到任何疼痛。你可以摸它，拉它的尾巴，也不能使它動一動或醒過來。當(dāng)它處于冬眠狀態(tài)時(shí)，甚至可以長時(shí)間地生活在有毒空氣中而無任何不良后果。
Hibernating in this way, the animal can sleep all through the winter. You might wonder how it manages to live without eating for so many months. The answer lies in two facts. Thefirst is that it has stored supplies of fat in its body during the summer and autumn. The second is connected with the main use the body makes of food -- to supply the energy for movement. We have seen that hibernating animal reduces movement to far below the ordinary level. Even the movements of the heart and lungs are greatly reduced. The animal hardly makes any movement, hardly use any energy, and hardly needs any food.
用這樣的方式越冬，動物可以睡過整個(gè)冬天。你或許會覺得奇怪，它好幾個(gè)月不吃東西，怎么活過來的呢?可以從兩方面的事實(shí)中得到答案。第一，在夏秋季節(jié)，動物體內(nèi)儲存大量的脂肪。第二是與食物對身體的主要用途，即食物供給身體活動所需的能量有關(guān)。我們已經(jīng)知道，冬眠的動物把活動量減少到大大低于一般的水平。甚至心肺的活動量也大大減少了。冬眠的動物幾乎沒有什么活動，幾乎也不消耗什么能量。因此它也幾乎不需要什么食物。
Some animals, including some bears only half hibernate.That is to say, they sleep during the winter, but their sleep is not deep and their body temperature does not drop, as they are warm-blooded animals. In the antumn the bear eats and eats and becomes very fat. His hair grows longer. Soon he has a thick covering of fat and fur. In November he finds a place to lie down and goes to sleep. On warm winter days he may think spring has arrived; he gets up and walks around. When he sees that the snow is still thick on the ground, he quickly goes to sleep again.
有些動物，包括有些熊，只是半冬眠。就是說，每到冬天它就睡覺，不過他們睡得不那么沉，因?yàn)樗麄儗贉匮\(yùn)動，所以體溫不下降。在秋天，熊吃了又吃長得真是肥極了。它身上的毛也長得更長了，很快全身就包滿了一層厚厚的脂肪和毛。到了11月，它找個(gè)地方躺下睡覺了。在冬天暖和的日子里，它可能以為春天已經(jīng)來到了，便起來四處走走，當(dāng)它看到地上積雪仍然很厚時(shí)，它很快又去睡了。
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