初二英語語法學(xué)習(xí)方法有哪些(2)
2. 直接引語變成間接引語時(shí),一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律
直接引語
1. am / is
2. are
3. have / has
4. will
5. can
6. may 間接引語
1. was
2. were
3. had
4. would
5. could
6. might
用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. She said I _____(be)hard-working.
2. Peter told me he _____(be)bored yesterday.
3. She said she _____(go)swimming last Sunday.
4. Bobby said he _____(may)call me later.
5. Antonio told me he _____(read)a book then.
答案:1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading
請(qǐng)轉(zhuǎn)述他人說的話:
1. I go to the beach every Saturday. (Tom)
2. I can speak three languages. (Lucy)
3. I will call you tomorrow. (Mike)
4. I’m having a surprise party for Lana. (she)
(五)
if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句
結(jié)構(gòu):if+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語+將來時(shí)
含義:如果……,將要……
例如:If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你請(qǐng)求他,他會(huì)幫助你。
If need be, we’ll work all night.
如果需要,我們就干個(gè)通宵。
根據(jù)中文提示,完成句子。
1. 如果你參加聚會(huì),你將會(huì)過得很開心。
If you ________ the party, you __________.
2. 如果明天下雨,我們將不去野餐。
If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.
3. 如果你經(jīng)常聽英文歌,你將會(huì)喜歡英語的。
If you often ________, you _________________.
答案:
1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time
2. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the picnic
3. If you often listen to English songs, you’ll like English
二. 完形填空特點(diǎn)及解題思路
(一)題型分類與特點(diǎn)
完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個(gè)詞,留下一些空格,要求考生借助短文保留的部分,從所給的短文整體出發(fā),在正確理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)句子和句子間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、詞的用法和習(xí)慣搭配等,用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞語填空,使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。這種題型測(cè)試的內(nèi)容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空,但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確,所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義適用和語法正確兩條原則,只考慮某一側(cè)面都可能導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類:完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。
1. 完形填空選擇題:該題型的特點(diǎn)是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格,對(duì)每一空格提供若干個(gè)選擇項(xiàng),要求考生通讀短文后,在理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯、句型、語法等語言知識(shí),從所提供的備選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案,使短文內(nèi)容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當(dāng),字?jǐn)?shù)在150-200個(gè)單詞之內(nèi),多數(shù)設(shè)置10個(gè)左右空格,所設(shè)考點(diǎn)涉及詞匯、語法及對(duì)短文內(nèi)容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設(shè)空,以期提供一個(gè)語境,對(duì)每一空格設(shè)置的選項(xiàng)基本都屬于相同或?qū)Φ鹊脑~類,給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾,側(cè)重考查了考生準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞匯的能力及對(duì)短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。
2. 選詞填空題:該題型的特點(diǎn)是把抽出的詞打亂順序,不按原文順序排列,放在短文前面或后面的方框內(nèi),有時(shí)還增加幾個(gè)文外的詞,要求考生從中選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~以正確的形式填入短文空格內(nèi)。
(A)
Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase (短語)“have a day off”. He 2 , then he had an idea. “Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? ”he asked the teacher. “Of course, you can. ”replied (答復(fù))the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher’s door. “May I have a day off 5 ? ”The teacher was very surprised, “Didn’t you 6 it just now? ”“Yes, sir. But I can’t be here 7 , either. ”The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didn’t you say‘May I have two days off? ’”The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. “But you only 10 us‘have a day off! ’”
( )1. A. but B. and C. or D. for
( )2. A. thought hardly
B. thought hard and hard
C. hard thought
D. thought and thought
( )3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr
( )4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock
( )5. A. also B. again C. too D. once
( )6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do
( )7. A. tomorrow
B. the day after tomorrow
C. yesterday
D. the day before yesterday
( )8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing
( )9. A. with B. on C. in D. by
( )10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching
(B)
請(qǐng)根據(jù)內(nèi)容從所給的15個(gè)單詞中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)?0個(gè)填入空白處,使短文完整,有些詞要根據(jù)需要作適當(dāng)?shù)脑~形變化。
than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what
A generation gap (代溝)has become a serious problem. I read a _______(1)about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _______(2)after quarrels (爭(zhēng)吵)with parents. I think this is _______(3)they don’t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______(4)time in the office. _______(5)they don’t have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _______(6)they don’t have the same topics(話題)to talk about. I want to _______(7)parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _______(8)your parents. They are the people who _______(9)you. So tell them your thoughts (想法). In this way, you can have a better _______(10)of each other.
完形填空選擇題的一般解題思路是:
1. 跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格,通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文,獲得整體印象,做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨,較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上才開始判定選擇,切忌倉促下筆。
2. 結(jié)合選項(xiàng)、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上,再結(jié)合所給備選項(xiàng)細(xì)讀全文,聯(lián)系上、下文內(nèi)容,注意從上、下文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語搭配及從選擇項(xiàng)中尋找解題的提示,以詞、句的意義為先,再從分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手,根據(jù)短文意思、語法規(guī)則、詞語固定搭配等進(jìn)行綜合考慮,對(duì)備選項(xiàng)逐一進(jìn)行分析、比較和篩選,排除干擾項(xiàng)、初步選定答案。
3. 瞻前顧后、先易后難、各個(gè)擊破。動(dòng)筆時(shí)要瞻前顧后、通篇考慮、先易后難。對(duì)比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做,一下子不能確定答案的,先跳過這一空格,繼續(xù)往下做,最后回過頭來再集中精力解決難點(diǎn)。這時(shí)可結(jié)合已確定答案的選項(xiàng)再讀一遍短文,隨著對(duì)短文理解的深入,可以降低試題的難度,提高選擇的正確率。
4. 復(fù)讀全文、逐空驗(yàn)證、彌補(bǔ)疏漏。完成各道題選擇后,把所選的答案代入原文,再把全文通讀一篇,逐空認(rèn)真復(fù)查??此x定的答案是否使短文意思前后連貫、順理成章,語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確,是否符合習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。如發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤答案或有疑問的,應(yīng)再次推敲、反復(fù)斟酌、做出修正。
完形填空試題的一般解題思路是:
1. 跳過空格、通讀短文、了解大意。解題時(shí)先跳過空格,通讀完形填空的短文,了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨。要重視首句,善于以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語氣為立足點(diǎn),理清文脈,推測(cè)全文主題及大意。
2. 復(fù)讀短文、確定語義、判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認(rèn)真復(fù)讀短文,利用上下文的語境,結(jié)合所學(xué)過的知識(shí),先確定空格處所需詞語的意義,再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置,判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?,從而確定所填詞的詞性,再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則,判斷所填的詞的正確形式。
3. 三讀短文、上下參照、驗(yàn)證答案。在短文的每一空白處填上一個(gè)詞后,將完成的短文再細(xì)讀一遍,上下參照,連貫思考。把所填的答案放入短文中進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),可從上、下文內(nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章,語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無誤等進(jìn)行綜合驗(yàn)證,凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。
(三)課文閱讀指導(dǎo)
1. 初中閱讀
閱讀理解能力
(1)理解主旨要義
(2)理解文中具體信息
(3)根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)生詞的意義
(4)做出簡(jiǎn)單判斷的推理
(5)理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
(6)理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度
2. 培養(yǎng)良好閱讀習(xí)慣
(1)擴(kuò)大視距
(2)克服聲讀
(3)克服逐字讀
3. 猜測(cè)詞文
(1)通過標(biāo)題或主題句進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)
(2)文章的標(biāo)題或主題句可包括作者的意圖和傾向、篇章的總體意義和深層意義,因此通過文章標(biāo)題或主題句進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),以便正確理解。
(3)通過語篇標(biāo)記進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)
(4)語篇標(biāo)記包括關(guān)聯(lián)詞、轉(zhuǎn)換詞也包括其他關(guān)鍵詞。
(5)利用背景知識(shí)預(yù)測(cè)
(6)利用圖片進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)