九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法(5)
九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法
五、動(dòng)詞不定式：由to + 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，有時(shí)to可以省略。在句中
除了不能做謂語(yǔ)外，能夠作其他一切成分。還能擁有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。
1、動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能：
*做主語(yǔ)。常用It + be + 形容詞+ ( of / for sb. ) + to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。
of: good, bad, polite, kind, nice, clever, right, careful等
for: important, necessary, difficult, possible, dangerous等
*做表語(yǔ)。常用在等連系動(dòng)詞后面，若主語(yǔ)很長(zhǎng)而表語(yǔ)很短，可以將兩者顛倒過(guò)來(lái)。
His job is to sell the computers. He seems to be interested in the detective stories.
*做狀語(yǔ)。表目的：She was here to visit her daughter. 表原因：I’m sorry to trouble you.
表結(jié)果：The box is too heavy to carry. 表示程度：This room is big enough to hold 200 people.
*做定語(yǔ)。放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后，若它與所修飾的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，這個(gè)不定式應(yīng)
為及物的。如：I was the first to come. I have no pens to write with. (動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)
*做賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：want, agree, choose, try, decide, hope, wish, learn,
fail, would like to do sth.
*做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
1.)必須使用 to的動(dòng)詞有：ask, tell, order, take, invite, want, wish, follow,
wait for, teach, would like, allow sb. to do sth.
2.)不能使用to的動(dòng)詞有：have, make, let; see, watch, hear, notice sb. do sth
注意：在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，to 要省略;而在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，to 必須加上
3.)可以使用to，也可以不用的動(dòng)詞：help
*疑問(wèn)詞(除why外) + 動(dòng)詞不定式 (what, when, how, where, which + to do sth.)
2. 下列一些動(dòng)詞后面只能跟動(dòng)名詞(動(dòng)詞的 –ing 形式)作賓語(yǔ):
enjoy, finish, mind, excuse, practice, keep, miss, spend, can’t help
be busy, be worth, keep on, carry on
3. 下列一些動(dòng)詞后面可以跟動(dòng)詞不定式也可以跟動(dòng)名詞。
1.)意義相同或相近的有：begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, plan
2.)意思不同的有：forget, remember, stop, see, hear, go on
4. 注意： had better (not) do sth, would rather (not) do sth
5. 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式直接在不定式前面加to
九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：主謂一致
一、就近原則：either……or…… neither……nor…… not only…….but also……
There / Here be +并列主語(yǔ).
二、意義一致原則：
1.集體名詞 ( class, family等 )做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可根據(jù)意義判斷。
His family has moved into a new house. His family were having supper then.
主語(yǔ)是數(shù)目、時(shí)間、金錢(qián)、距離時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
2.主語(yǔ)+ as well as / with / together with / like / but / except + 動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。
Everyone except the twins has been to the Great Wall.
Lily with her friends is going to the zoo tomorrow.
3.下列一些不定代詞做主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。each, either, neither, something,
anything, somebody, anybody等。
4.The + 形容詞 / 過(guò)去分詞 + 動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù) The wounded were looked after well in the hospital.
The weak, like the strong, have many friends in the world.
5. glasses, trousers, shoes, scissors等單獨(dú)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng)它們與a pair of
連用時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與pair的數(shù)保持一致。 The pair of glasses fits you well.
九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：句子
句 子 (一)
根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句
一、簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，
又可分為五種：1、 S + V. 主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞。 2、S + V + O. 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)。
3、S + V + P. 主語(yǔ) + 連系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ)。
4、S + V + IO + DO. 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成：
主語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ) + for 或 to + 間接賓語(yǔ)。
常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有： buy, bring, make , choose, get sth. for sb.
teach, give, pass, hand(傳遞), show, offer, sell, lend, take, send sth to sb.
5、S + V + O + C. 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
二、并列句：常由or, but, and, so for等詞將兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句連接，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，遞進(jìn)等關(guān)系。
三、復(fù)合句：包括賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句等。
1、賓語(yǔ)從句 掌握以下內(nèi)容：* 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞; * 掌握賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序;
*掌握賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致
2、狀語(yǔ)從句
(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：when, while, before, after, until (till), since, as soon as等。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
注意下列幾個(gè)詞的區(qū)別：
when: *當(dāng)……的時(shí)候 指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間,表示短暫性動(dòng)作 *指一段時(shí)間,表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作
*什么時(shí)候 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句
while:*表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) *具有對(duì)比的含義, 意為 “然而”
as: 表示從句的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,一般與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用. “一邊…一邊…” 隨著..
As we walked, we talked. As time went by, we knew each other better and better.
(2)原因狀語(yǔ)從句 because(因?yàn)?, since(既然), as (由于), for(因?yàn)?
(3)條件狀語(yǔ)從句if(如果) unless(除非)
在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí).
(4)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so + 形容詞 / 副詞 + that + 句子 such + 名詞 + that…
*such + a (an) + 形容詞+ 名詞= so + 形容詞+ a (an) + 名詞
(5)目的狀語(yǔ)從句so that, in order that, (in order to do sth. so as to do sth)
(6)比較狀語(yǔ)從句as…as… than, not as / so … as…
(7)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句though, although, even though…
3、定語(yǔ)從句: 修飾名詞或代詞的從句, 放在名詞或代詞的后面.
通常: 名詞(人) + who / whom / that + 句子 名詞(物) + which / that + 句子
(1)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),必須用 which 指物, 不用 that.
I have lost my bag, which I like very much.
(2)關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式和先行詞保持一致.
Do you know the man who is standing against the door?
(3)下列幾種情況只能用 that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句:
*先行詞是不定代詞 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等, 如:
All that we have to do is to practise more. There is nothing that I can do for you.
*先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),如: The first letter that I got from him is kept well.
*先行詞被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修飾時(shí),如:
I have eaten up all the food that you gave me.
(4)由when, where, why 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
I don’t know the reason why he was late. This is the place where I have lived for five years.
I’ll never forget the day when I met Mr. Li for the first time.
先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),如果從句的動(dòng)詞是及物的,就用that (which),
如果動(dòng)詞不及物,就用where引導(dǎo). This is the house that he has lived in for five years.
This is the house where he has lived for five years.
句 子(二)
根據(jù)句子的功能，可以把句子分為四類(lèi)：陳述句(肯定句和否定句);疑問(wèn)句(一般疑問(wèn)句， 特殊疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句，反意疑問(wèn)句);祈使句和感嘆句。
一、陳述句：
1、肯定句
2、否定句：
(1) 加 not 構(gòu)成的否定句
(2)由no, hardly, never, nobody, nothing, little, few等構(gòu)成的否定句
兩者的全部否定用neither或nor，部分否定用both + not;
三者或三者以上的全部否定用none, nothing, nobody, no one等，部分否定用all, many,every加not構(gòu)成。
(3)否定前置，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：think, believe, suppose
二、疑問(wèn)句 1.一般疑問(wèn)句：用 yes 或 no 回答
2.特殊疑問(wèn)句：用疑問(wèn)詞(what, who, whom, whose, which, where, when, how, why 以及它們構(gòu)成的一些短語(yǔ))提問(wèn)的句子。
3. 選擇疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句 + or + 選擇對(duì)象 不能用 yes 或 no 回答
4.反意疑問(wèn)句： 陳述句 + 簡(jiǎn)略的一般疑問(wèn)句。 陳述句部分和疑問(wèn)句部分的肯定、否定形式相反。注意以下一些內(nèi)容：
(1)簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)和陳述部分保持一致，只能用人稱(chēng)代詞(there除外)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的動(dòng)詞也和陳述部分保持一致，如果是否定，要用縮寫(xiě)形式。如：
Jin isn’t a student, is he? There are some books in it, aren’t there?
(2)陳述部分是I’m…結(jié)構(gòu)，疑問(wèn)部分一般用aren’t you， 如： I’m late, aren’t I?
(3)陳述部分有l(wèi)ittle, few, no, never, nothing, hardly, nobody等詞表示否定時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用肯定。
(4)祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句： 祈使句，will you? Let’s…, shall we?
(5)賓語(yǔ)從句的反意疑問(wèn)句常和主句保持一致，但如果主句是I think / believe / suppose時(shí)，
疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和從句保持一致。I don’t think he knows it, does he?
三、祈使句：表示命令、請(qǐng)求或建議?？隙ㄐ问接脛?dòng)詞原形.
否定形式用 “Don’t / Never + 動(dòng)詞原形.”
四、感嘆句：常由what 或 how開(kāi)頭
What + 形容詞 +名詞 + 主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞. What a nice house it is! What fine weather!
How + 形容詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 連系動(dòng)詞。 How happy they look! How interesting the story is!
How + 副詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。 How happy they are laughing!
How + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞 How I wish I could hear Beethoven himself play it!
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