楊瀾ted英語演講稿

　　So making a living is not that easy for young people. College graduates are not in short supply. In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 U.S. dollars a month, while the average rent is above 0. So what do they do? They have to share space -- squeezed in very limited space to save money -- and they call themselves "tribe of ants." And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment. That ratio in America would only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it's 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.

　　年輕一代的日子不是那么好過.大學畢業(yè)生的供應超過需求.在城市里,大學畢業(yè)生的起薪大約在400美金一個月,但平均的房屋每月租金超過500美金.那怎么辦呢?他們只能一起住擠在一個狹小的空間里就為了省錢他們稱自己為"蟻族."至于那些打算結婚還要買房的人,他們認識到自己要打30-40年的工才能買得起一套住房.美國的比例是一對夫妻5年的薪水可買一套房,但在中國需要30-40年因為房價的高漲.

　　Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people. They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas. Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside, but they don't have the sense of belonging. They work for longer hours with less income, less social welfare. And they're more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation, tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from Europe or America for the products they produce. Last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease. But they died because of all different personal reasons. But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, of these migrant workers.

　　在兩億的離鄉(xiāng)打工族中,60%是年輕人.他們覺得自己有點被夾在城市和鄉(xiāng)村之間.他們大多數(shù)都不想回農村,但在城市他們沒有歸屬感.他們的工作時間長薪水卻相對較少，社會福利也不多.很多因素都會影響他們像失業(yè),通貨膨脹,銀行貸款政策緊縮,人民幣升值,或是歐美國家對中國產品需求的下降.去年,一場悲劇在中國南方的設備生產工廠發(fā)生了:13名工人年紀在20歲左右自殺,就像是一場傳染病一樣.只是死亡原因不同.整個事件引起了社會的關注.大家開始關心這些工人身體和心理上的孤單.

　　For those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the Internet, they're able to create more jobs, upgrade local agriculture and create new business in the less developed market. So for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.

　　有些選擇返回鄉(xiāng)村的人,當?shù)厝耸謿g迎他們回鄉(xiāng),因為他們在城市獲得了知識，技術，和人際關系,通過互聯(lián)網的幫助,他們可以創(chuàng)造更多工作,在發(fā)展較落后的地區(qū)將農業(yè)升級并創(chuàng)造更多商機.過去幾年里,在臨海區(qū)域,出現(xiàn)勞動力短缺的現(xiàn)象.

　　These diagrams show a more general social background. The first one is the Engels coefficient, which explains that the cost of daily necessities has dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms of family income, to about 37-some percent. But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost. The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4. Now it's 0.5 -- even worse than that in America -- showing us the income inequality. And so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility. And also, the bitterness and even resentment towards the rich and the powerful is quite widespread. So any accusations of corruption or backdoor dealings between authorities or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.

　　這些圖表顯示一個更概括的社會狀況.第一個是恩格爾系數(shù),它解釋了每天生活必需的花費的百分比在過去的10年內,從家庭收入的角度來看,已經下降到37%.但是在過去的兩年里,這個比例上漲到39%,這說明了生活花費在上升.吉尼系數(shù)顯示已經過了0.4的警戒線.現(xiàn)在是0.5比美國還差說明的收入不平等.你能看到整個社會都感到沮喪因為他們失去了一部分的流動性.同時,針對富人和有權利人士的怨恨與憎恨開始蔓延.所以各種對腐敗或是官商勾結的指控都可造成社會的譴責甚至動亂.

　　So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about. Social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand. For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property. And it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation. Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest. So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the Internet, people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.

　　通過觀察微博上一些最熱門的話題,我們可以更了解年輕的一代.社會公正與政府責任是他們最關心的問題.在過去的十年里,大量的城市化發(fā)展讓我們看見了很多有關強拆私人住宅的報導.這些新聞引起了年輕人的不滿和失望.過程中有時有人死亡,也有人以自焚來抗議.當這類報導大量在互聯(lián)網上出現(xiàn)的時候,人們強烈要求政府出面制止.

　　So the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court. Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the Internet. We heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food. And guess what, we have faked beef. They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef. And then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop. So all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet. And fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.

　　好消息是在今年早期,國務院在房屋申請和拆建方面頒布了一項新政策同時允許法庭傳喚那些強拆的地方政府官員.還有很有其它讓民眾擔憂的問題在互聯(lián)網上受到了強烈議論.大家應該都聽說過空氣污染,水源污染,有毒食品.但應該不知道我們還發(fā)明了山寨版牛肉吧.這種牛肉精包含多種成分如果你把它們涂在雞肉或是魚肉上面,那就雞魚肉看起來就像牛肉了.最近,民眾們開始擔心食用油,原因是有上千的人發(fā)現(xiàn)餐館使用的油是加工過的陰溝油.這類現(xiàn)象在互聯(lián)網上引起了大眾的強烈不滿.幸運地是,我們看到政府更及時和更平常地來消除公眾的擔憂.

　　While young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes they're a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life. China is soon to pass the U.S. as the number one market for luxury brands -- that's not including the Chinese expenditures in Europe and elsewhere. But you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S. dollars. They're not rich at all. They're taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status. And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle. But of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.

　　雖然這些年輕的一代確信他們在政策制定上的影響,但在自己生活方面的追求上卻有點找不到方向.中國很快會超越美國.成為第一大奢侈品消費市場這還不包括在中國人在歐洲和其它地方的消費.但你也許不知道,這其中一半的消費者收入還不到2000美元.他們根本就不是有錢人.但這些名牌手袋和衣服對他們來說是一種身份的象征.這個女孩在一個相親節(jié)目上公開表明她寧愿坐在寳馬車里哭也不要坐在腳踏車上笑.但當然還是有年輕人覺得寳馬腳踏車都無所謂,只要能開心就好.

　　So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called "naked" wedding, or "naked" marriage. It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love. And also, people are doing good through social media. And the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with the whole country watching through microblogging. People were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck. And after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued. And here also people are helping to find missing children. A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet. After thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.

　　在這張圖片里,是一種很流行的現(xiàn)象叫做“裸婚".他們不是在婚禮上不穿衣服,但已經決定要在沒有車房,沒有鉆戒沒有婚宴的情況下結為夫婦,來實現(xiàn)他們對真愛的承諾.通過社交媒體,人們還做了有很多意義的事.這張圖片上展示了一臺卡車上的500只將會被加工成食物的流浪狗和被綁架的狗在高速路上被發(fā)現(xiàn)和停了下來整個國家都在微博上關注此事件.有人捐錢,捐狗糧志愿去停下那臺卡車.幾小時的協(xié)商后,這500只狗獲救了.同時也有人幫助找走失的孩童.這位爸爸將兒子的圖片上傳到網上,在成千上萬的轉發(fā)后,孩子找到了,我們通過微博見證了一家的團聚.

　　So happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years. Happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it's about the environment. People are thinking about the following questions: Are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? And also, how capable is the system of self-correctness to keep more people content with all sorts of friction going on at the same time? I guess these are the questions people are going to answer. And our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.

　　幸福是最近兩年里聽到最多次的詞語.幸福不單只是和個人經歷和價值相關,它也同樣關系到我們的環(huán)境.人們在思考這些問題:我們到底應不應該犧牲我們的環(huán)境來換取GDP的增長?我們應該如何來實現(xiàn)社會和政治的改革才能趕上經濟的增長,讓發(fā)展更持續(xù)和更穩(wěn)定?還有,自行糾正的制度到底有多大的能力讓人們在這么多沖突的情況下還能感到滿足?我想民眾們會給這些問題一個答案.我們年輕的一代將會改變他們的國家同時也改變了自己.

　　Thank you very much. (Applause)